Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Statistics - Essay Example Z-Revenue is higher for Citicorp 3.69 and lower for First Natl of Nebraska. Z-profit is highest for Chase Manhattan Bank 3.23 and lower for First Natl of Nebraska. Summarize all these results; it can be said that only four banks has higher Revenue and Profit that BankTen: The BankTen does not has significantly higher profit per employee $0.041K than industry average $ 0.037K. Profit per employee with two standard deviation above the mean is $0.06. Profit per employee with two standard deviation below mean is $0.02. J.P.MORGAN & CO., BANK OF NEW YORK CO., BARNETT BANKS, REPUBLIC NEW YORK CORP. has profit per employee more than two standard deviation beyond the mean. J.P. Morgan & Co., Bank of New York Co and Republic New York Co. are the top three firms with respect to profit per employee and Barnett Banks is the bank with the lowest profit per employee. Although BankTen is not one of the top performers, it has an average performance (with 72.7 percentile on the profit per employee) on Revenue and Profits except number of employees, where it needs to improve its performance either by generating more revenue and profits with same number of employees or reduce the workforce for improving its profit per

Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy Essay Barber (1999) refers to strong democracy as one of the democratic responses to contemporary political condition. The author clearly distinguishes the strong democratic type from unitary democracy, pluralist democracy, authoritative, and juridical democracy. All these types of democracy are idealistic, and are never applied to real political conditions in their pure forms, but they represent the five different visions of the democratic order which deserve attention and should be objectively reviewed. Barber (1999) defines authoritative democracy in centralized executive terms. Authoritative democracy exercises the principles of differential citizenry; although authoritative democracy is fully accountable to the democratic community which elects it, this type of democratic order relies on the excellence of elites (Barber, 1999). The two major deficiencies are characteristic of authoritative democracy: first, it tends towards hegemony; second, it tends to camouflage its political representation under the cover of political wisdom. As a result, individuals risk confusing the political virtue with the political excellence (Barber, 1999). Juridical democracy is based on the principles of protecting human rights. Arbitration and adjudication are the necessary preconditions of juridical democracy (Barber, 1999). In juridical democracy, the principle of differential citizenry is expressed through excessive reliance on courts, which resolve and mediate political issues and substantially limit the power of the democratic government. Barber (1999) writes that â€Å"juridical democracy is deficient because it subverts the legislative process†. The author is confident that juridical democracy initially distorts the notions of the natural right and the higher law, using them as the disguise for political reintroduction and representation (Barber, 1999). Pluralist democracy is the most ideal democratic form of all Barber describes in his work. Pluralist democracy is based on the principle of the social contract which free political markets use in the process of political exchange (Barber, 1999). In distinction from the two previous forms of democracy, the pluralist form relies on active (not differential) citizenry. All conflicts and issues are arbitrated with the help of bargaining in which free equal individuals are involved. The pluralist democracy is deficient because the power of the social contract and bargaining is very weak. In Barber’s (1999) view, pluralist democracy is too innocent, and cannot lead to formation of any public thinking. Unitary democracy could initially become the political representation of certain norm as the central element of democratic order. Although unitary democracy promotes the unanimous character of political decisions, it tends to undermine the principles of individual autonomy. The role of citizenry in unitary democracy is vague (Barber, 1999). The problem is in that the unity of political deliberation requires that individuals merge with the rest of the political community. As a result, they risk losing their political individuality, and promote collective political thinking. Unitary democracy cannot foster self-realization; in massive forms, unitary democracy borders on coercion and malevolence (Barber, 1999). In many aspects, unitary democracy is synonymous to â€Å"conformist† type of political order, which mixes tyranny with terror and views community consensus through the prism of collectivity and collective political interests. Barber (1999) is confident that strong democracy is the political order of the future. The author views this type of democratic order as a community which will never be collectivistic, and which is the most compatible with the contemporary society. The core of strong democracy is the self-government, in which citizens govern themselves (Barber, 1999). The conflict resolution is based on self-legislation, and the creation of the political community. The mentioned political community is the key element of strong democracy, and it is the necessary condition for transforming the political conflicts into the useful epistemological tools of public thinking (Barber, 1999). Simultaneously, Barber fails to define the criteria for the creation and existence of the already mentioned political community. If strong democratic community exists to transform political conflicts or implement political decisions (Barber, 1999), it is unclear whether this community will keep its previous form as soon as it achieves its political goals. One can’t but agree with Barber (1999) in that in strong democracy community is invariably linked to the notion of citizenship, but there are striking disparities between the notions of community and participation. Although strong democracy claims striking the misbalance between participation and community, it does not offer any reliable criteria for achieving the democratic world of the common ends, in which conflict serves the dialectical means of turning the masses into the democratic citizenship. Conclusion Strong democracy is viewed by Barber (1999) as the best and the most realistic type of democratic order. Barber (1999) emphasizes the deficiencies which authoritative, juridical, unitary, and pluralist democracies display. Simultaneously, Barber (1999) fails to provide the criteria for creating and supporting the strong democratic community and participation. The relation between community and participation remains misbalanced, and strong democracy will hardly strike it.

Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic sinus surgery, a widely used method in the treatment of chronic sinus disease can lead to major (0-1,5 %) and minor (1,1-20,8% ) complications. These complications are still important nowadays. Central nervous system (CNS) fistula, hemorrhage, meningitis, orbital injury and even death are major pathologies. These are usually the result of injury of fovea ethmoidalis or orbital structures [1-4]. If the skull base anatomy and its possible variations are well known these risks will be minimized. ‘Fovea ethmoidalis’ which seperates ethmoid cells from anterior cranial fossa forms the roof of ethmoidal labrynth [5, 6]. Fovea ethmoidalis adheres to lateral lamella of cribriform plate which is a medially located very thin bone [7]. Keros [8] classified the depth of olfactory fossa as the height of lateral lamella in 1962. According to his classification if the height of lateral lamella MATERIAL-METHOD Two hundred paranasal sinus computed tomographies performed for various reasons as a total of 400 hemisides of paranasal region were analyzed retrospectively. Patients under 18 years of age, with a history of prior surgery, trauma which led to massive destruction of bones and patients with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. A hundred of the patients were female (18-77 years old, mean age: 36,91) and 100 male (18-76 years old, mean age:34,25), respectively. MDCT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Enlargen, Germany) with consecutive 1mm thick sections were obtained and coronal multiplanar reconstructions were performed. Bone algorithm was used. In our study , we measured that the depths of olfactory fossa, identifying Keros types, the distances of the ethmoidal roof from hard palate, the distances between upper and lower limits of the orbita bilateraly. The height of ethmoid roof was calculated by measuring the distance between ethmoid roof and the upper limit of orbit a. Measurements in coronal sections were performed at the level of the optic nerve just posterior to the orbital globe. Also the shapes of the bone from the confluence of ethmoidal fovea with lateral lamella are called type 1 if its shape looks like a broken arrow (broken wing) and type 2 if its shape is flat (flattening) and forms of the asymmetry were investigated. Keros typing, ethmoid roof height and asymmetric shape of the fovea were investigated in both sexes whether there is a relationship between them. NCSS statistical analysis (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) was performed with the package program. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation), as well as comparisons between groups one-way analysis of variance, in the sub-group comparisons Tukeys multiple comparison test, in the binary comparisons of groups and independent t test, in the qualitative comparisons of data chi-square and weighted kapp a compatibility test was used. Results significances were evaluated at p RESULTS: According to the classification of Keros, 3.75% of the patients Keros type I (n = 15), 59.5% Keros type II (n = 238), 36.75% Keros type III (n = 147). Keros type III is more common in males (n=86, 43%) than females (n=61, 30.5%) (p = 0.017). The shapes of fovea ethmoidalis in 97.25% (n = 389) of the patients were the broken arrows (type 1), while 2.75% (n = 11) of the shapes were flat (type 2) . In 54 cases (13.5%) an olfactory fossa Keros type asymmetry, in 11 cases (2.75%) foveal shape asymmetry was found. In seven patients (3.5%) as well as the foveal shape asymmetry also Keros olfactory fossa type asymmetry was seen . Keros type I patients’ orbital maximal height average were measured 33.07  ± 1.24 mm, Keros type II patients 32.57  ± 1.97 mm, Keros Type III patients 33.31  ± 2.11 mm respectively. In the male patients , the average heights of the orbits of Keros III group were significantly higher than Keros group II (p = 0.034). The olfactory fossa depth was measured at an average 6.45  ± 2.16 mm on the right , 6.39  ± 2.21 mm on the left. The average depth of the olfactory fossa in males (6.7  ± 2.45 mm) was higher than in females (6.13  ± 1.84 mm) (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the olfactory fossa depth between type 1 or type 2 foveal shape. Right and left olfactory fossa depth which were used for detection of Keros typing was compared. In 93 patients (46.5%) from the total of 200 patients asymmetry was detected. In 55 patients > 1 mm (27.5%), in 38 patients had > 2 mm (19%) difference was found. Forty-eight of them female and 45 were male. In seven of the same patients showed foveal shape asymmetry also. Average right ethmoid roof height 7.59  ± 2.25 mm ,average left ethmoid roof height was measured 7.75  ± 2.38 mm. In men with type 2 foveal shape the groups average height of the ethmoid roof (9.59  ± 2.77 mm) was higher than the foveal shape of type 1 group (7.66  ± 2.36 mm) (p = 0.042). In women, the average height of the ethmoid roof of type 2 group (8.75  ± 1.76 mm) was higher than type 1 group (7.34  ± 2.11 mm) (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference was observed between the averages of heights of ethmoid roofs in Keros type I, II and III patients. Right and left ethmoid roof heigh ts were compared in total of 200 patients. There was an asymetry between left and right sides in 93 patients (46.5%) . In 55 patients > 1 mm difference (27.5%), in 38 patients had > 2 mm difference (19%) was found. Forty-nine of them were female, 44 of them were male. Five of the same patients showed asymmetry in the shape of the fovea also. In 54 patients (27%), asymmetry was observed in both ethmoid roof height and olfactory fossa depth . Twenty-nine of them were female, twenty-five of them were male. In the same group; the foveal shape in four patients showed asymmetry also. For the Keros type I patients both sides of the olfactory fossa depth asymmetry ratio was found to be more (53,3%) than the other types. For the same measurement, the ratios were found 40,8% and 29,4 % with Keros type II and type III respectively. Kerosian ethmoid roof height of both sides in patients with type I, asymmetry ratio was found to be greater (40.0%). For the same measurement, the results were 33.3% and 29.4% in Keros type III and type II respectively. In the Keros type I patients foveal shape asymmetry was found to be greater (20.0%) than the other types . The foveal shape asymetry for Keros type II was 4.2% and 4.08% for Keros type III respectively. DISCUSSION: The ethmoid sinuses have special importance especially in patients undergoing sinus surgery . Because these sinuses are close to vital organs such as the anterior cranial fossa, dura, orbita, optic nerve and anterior ethmoid artery [12, 13]. During endoscopic sinus surgery, the maximum likelihood of injury of the skull base is in Keros type III cases in which olfactory fossa are deep [9]. In 1962, in Keros’ study with 450 patients, type II patients at a rate of 70.16% (which was the most common type in that study), type III 18.25% and type I 11.59% of the patients [8]. In our study 3.75% of the patients were Keros type I (Figure 1), 59.5% of the patients were Keros type II (Figure 2), 36.75% of the patients were Keros type III (Figure 3) . After the point of the junction of fovea ethmoidalis with cribriform plate as well as the depth; the shape and symmetry of these structures are also important . In our study, in 93 patients (46.5%), olfactory fossa height asymmetry was detected and in another 93 patients (46.5%) foveal shape asymmetry was found. In 54 cases with height asymmetry there was also shape asymmetry (27%). In a study made by Basak et al. [14] in Turkey on 64 children with Keros type I, type II and type III incidences were explained in the following way; 9%, 53% and 38% . Anderhub et al. [15] researched 272 cases of German children for the analysis of cases of ethmoid roof . The results of their study were as follows: 14.2% of the patients Keros type 1, 70.6% of the patients Keros type II, 15.2% of the patients Keros type III . In Jang and his collegues study [16], on 205 adult patients, type II was the most common (69,5%). In Alazzaw and his collegues study [17] on 150 patients with 3 separate ethnic group type I 80%, type II 20% and type III 0% of the patients were detected. In a study made by Elwany and et al. [18] on 300 Egyptian 42,5% of type I, 56,8% type II and 1,4% type III were found respectively. In this study, the type II olfactory fossa was the commonest type in men (66.7%), while the type I fossa was commonest in women (53%). In a study made by Souza et al. [19] on 200 Brazilian with type I 26,3%, type II 73,3% and type III, 0,5% of reported cases. Solares et al. [20] in United States examined 50 cases, 83% of the cases type I, 15% type II and %2 type III respectively. In a study in Turkey Erdem et al. [21] showed 8,1% in 136 patients with type 1, 59,6% type II, 32,3% type III; Sahin et al. [22] in 100 cases detected 10% of the patients type I, 61% type II, 29% type III. Dr. Satish Nair [23], found that 77,2% of type II in the study, 17,2% of type I and 5,6%. of type III 5,6% respectively. As seen in the studies, differences are observed between different countries. In a study by Lebowitz et al. [24] 200 paranasal tomographies were interpreted. In 86 of the cases, olfactory fossa shapes were symmetric and their heights were the same. Ninety-six cases had shape asymmetry, 19 cases had height asymmetry in olfactory fossa, one case had both shape and height asymmetry. In a study made by Dessi et al. [11] on 150 Italian patients, 10% identified asymmetry of the height of the olfactory fossa. In Fan and et al. [25] studies’ on 160 Chinese patients, 15,6% of cases showed olfactory fossa height asymmetry, 38,75% of cases had foveal shape asymmetry. Souza et al. [19] showed ethmoid roof height asymmetry in 12% of the cases, contour asymmetry in 48,5% of the cases. Michael Reiss et al. [26] studied 644 patients, of which 31 % was detected height asymmetry. Kizilkaya et al. [2] reported that in 37,95% patients was detected height asymmetry. Dr. Satish Nair [23] identified height asymmetry in 11,7% of the cases. In the same study, ethmoid roof heigh t and contour asymmetry was found in patients at the highest rate with type I (67,8%); than 32,3% and 40% with type II and type III followed. In a study made by Kaplanoglu et al. [27] on 500 patients ; in 80% of cases was found height asymmetry, the foveal shape asymmetry was detected in 35% of the patients in the same study. Our current study in patients with Keros type I both olfactory fossa depth and height of the ethmoid roof asymmetries had greater percentage. But in our population Keros type I is less seen. However, most of the skull base injuries were seen in Keros type III cases at a prevalance of 36,75% in our study in which olfactory fossa depth and height of the ethmoid roof asymmetry rates were quite high (respectively 40,8%, 33,3%). Preoperative computed tomography must be interpreted in detail. Especially Keros typing must be done and all the variations should be evaluated carefully. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery; knowledge of anatomic details and average lengths of skull base and their neighbouring structures and the possible variations of anatomical structures are very important for the prevention of complications that may occur during the operation. Therefore, the preoperative evaluation of paranasal sinus CT by considering the various possibilities is necessary and inevitable. REFERENCES 1. Hemmerdinger SA, Jacobs JB, Lebowitz RA. Accuracy and cost analysis of image-guided sinà ¼s surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2005; 38:453–60. 2. E. Kizilkaya, M. Kantarci, C. C. Basekim et al., â€Å"Asymmetry of the height of the ethmoid roof in relationship to handedness,† Laterality, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 297–303, 2006. 3. May M, Levine HL, Mester SJ, Schaitkin B (1994) Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of 2108 patients incidence and prevention. Laryngoscope 104: 1080-1083. 4. Ulualp SO. Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: appropriate management of complications. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 16: 252-9. 5. Stammberger HR, Kennedy DW; Anatomic Terminology Group. Paranasal sinuses: anatomic terminology and nomenclature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1995; 167: 7-16. 6. Stammberger H (1993) Endoscopic anatomy of lateral wall and ethmoidal  sinuses. St. Louis Mosby-Year Book 13-42. 7. Terrier F, Weber W, Ruefenacht D, Porcellini B. Anatomy of the ethmoid: CT, endoscopic and macroscopic. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 144: 493-500. 8. Keros P. On the practical value of differences in the level of the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid. Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol. 1962; 41:809–813. 9. Ohnishi T, Yanagisawa E. Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate – an important high-risk area in endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear Nose Throat J. 1995;74:688–90. 10. Lee JC, Song YJ, Chung YS, Lee BJ, Jang YJ, et al. (2007) Height and shape of the skull base as risk factors for skull base penetration during endoscopic sinus surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116: 199-205. 11. Dessi P, Moulin G, Triglia JM, et al. Difference in the height of the right and left ethmoidal roofs: a possible risk factor for ethmoidal surgery. Prospective study of 150 CT scans. J Laryngol Otol. 1994;108:261–2. 12. Zacharek MA, Han JK, Allen R, Weissman JL, Hwang PH. (2005)Sagittal and coronal dimensions of the ethmoid roof: a radioanatomic study. Am J Rhinol 19: 348-52. 13. Ohnishi T, Tachibana T, Kaneko Y, Esaki S (1993)High-risk areas in endoscopic sinus surgery and prevention of complications. Laryngoscope 103:1181-1185. 14. Basak S, Akdilli A, Karaman CZ, et al. Assessment of some important anatomical variations and dangerous areas of the paranasal sinuses by computed tomography in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;55:81–9. 15. Anderhuber W, Walch C, Fock C. Configuration of ethmoid roof in children 0-14 years of age. Laryngorhinootologie. 2001;80:509–11. 16. Jang YJ, Park HM, Kim HG. The radiographic incidence of bony defects in the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1999;24:440–2. 17. Alazzawi S, Omar R, Rahmat K, Alli K. Radiological analysis of the ethmoid roof in the Malaysian population. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39: 393-6. 18. Elwany S, Medanni A, Eid M, Aly A, El-Daly A, Ammar SR. Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124: 1251-6. 19. Souza SA, Souza MMA, Idagawa M, Wolosker AMB, Ajzen SA. Computed tomography assessment of the ethmoid roof: a relevant region at risk in endoscopic sinus surgery. Radiol Bras 2008; 4: 143-7. 20. Solares CA, Lee WT, Batra PS, Citardi MJ. Lateral Lamella of the cribriform plate. Software-enabled computed tomographic analysis and its clinical relevance in skull base surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 134: 285-9. 21. Erdem G, Erdem T, Miman MC, Ozturan O. A radiological anatomic study of the cribriform plate compared with constant structures. Rhinology 2004; 42: 225-9. 22. Ã…Å ¾ahin C, YÄ ±lmaz YF, Titiz A, Ozcan M, Ozlugedik S, Unal A. Analysis of Ethmoid Roof and Cranial Base in Turkish Population. KBB ve BBC Dergisi 2007; 15: 1-6. 23. Nair S (2012) Importance of Ethmoidal Roof in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Open Access Scientific Reports; 1: 251. 24. Lebowitz RA, Terk A, Jacobs JB, et al. Asymmetry of the ethmoid roof: analysis using coronal computed tomography. Laryngoscope. 2001;111: 2122–4. 25. Fan J, Wu J, Wang H, Lang J, Lin S. Imaging analysis of the ethmoid roof. Ling Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zai 2005; 69-71. 26. Reis M, Reis G. Height of Right and Left Ethmoid Roofs: Aspects of Laterality in 644 Patients. Int J Otolaryngol 2011; 508907. 27. Hatice Kaplanoglu, Veysel Kaplanoglu, Alper Dilli, Ugur Toprak, Baki HekimoÄÅ ¸lu. An Analysis of the Anatomic Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses and Ethmoid Roof Using Computed Tomography. Eurasian J Med 2013; 45: 115-25. 1

Drama Script :: Papers

Drama Script MRS JOHNSTONE (shouting) - Put that gun down! Please son, please! MICKEY (looking in Mrs Johnstone) - Stay out of this! This is between me and him, alright! MRS JOHNSTONE (tears coming in her eyes) - please forgive him, son! Please EDWARD - Mickey, listen to your mother, she is right. Maybe we can talk this through MICKEY (looking at Edward in the eye) - You took my wife (Linda) away from me, and you want to talk this through. You don’t deserve to live, you bastard! EDWARD - Mickey, please! Put the gun down. MICKEY- Say one more word, and I’ll shoot you MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) - No Mickey put that gun down, please! Two policemen run toward the stage unexpectedly. Both of them holding on to a loaded pistol POLICE 1 (loudly) - Put that gun down, place your hand on your head and step away. MRS JOHNSTONE - Mickey, before you do any thing stupid, listen to me! I have something important to say to you. MICKEY- What could be more important, then to see the death of Edward Lyons MRS JOHNSTONE - Don’t shoot him! And listen to me MICKEY - I can shoot that bastard, if I want to. Is not like that bastard, is related to me. MRS JOHNSTONE (weeping slowly) - You can’t shoot Mickey! EDWARD (smiling at Mrs Jonhstone) - And why not! MRS JOHNSTONE - Because he†¦is MICKEY – he is what! MRS JOHNSTONE (on her knees) – he is you brother†¦.. Mickey†¦ he is your twin brother. EDWARD (with a surprised tone) – Is this †¦.true, Mrs Johnstone. Mickey is my twin brother! Mrs Johnstone nods her head slowly and looks at Mickey. MICKEY (with a shock facial expression) – please tell me you are joking! I get it you are lying to me, so I’ll put the gun and not shoot Edward. MRS JOHNSTONE (calmly) – Does it look like, I’m joking.

Fave Ford Case Study Analysis

External logistic suppliers are used to manage inbound supply chain. Customers are encouraged to use computers to balance supply and demand. Both companies are focused on strategic partnership with Its suppliers. There might be some escalates between Dell and Ford there are some difference In the operation of the companies. B) Dell forecast its demand with short term forecast and any change in instantly shared within the company and its suppliers. Ford relies on long term forecasting. C) Ford supply chain is more complex then dell.Following are the alternatives and options ford can apply Alternative 1 Design a mixture of online and offline operations and form procedures to enable customization and ordering by customers over the internet but maintain physical dealerships as well. Advantages: a) Customization to customers, start a supply chain vertical integration business model. B) Open new market segment and attract clients who like online shopping. C) Reduction in overhead and inven tory carrying costs. D) Direct control on customer service experience.Disadvantages: a) Costly, time consuming that requires internal and external changes which are not easy to handle and integrate with other operations. B) Independent dealers will complain due to internal competition. ) Suppliers' inability to keep up to speed with Fords modern IT technology. Alternative 2 Create a virtually integrated supply chain based on Dell's model. Ford and all its suppliers would share information between their systems and the Internet to coordinate the flow of materials and production. All customer orders would be taken Page 2 either via Ford's web site or by phone and then build.A pull system would be implemented completely. A) Customization to clients, start of vertical integration in the supply chain. B) Customers' needs are met faster at higher profits due the elimination of reseller's ark-ups. C) Directly control customer service. D) Minimal inventory carrying costs and higher order le ad time. E) The ability to forecast demand is significantly better. F) Improved relationships with both customers and suppliers. Disadvantages: a) Ford's traditional processes and production methods would have to be changed to take advantage of this new form of supply-chain management.Since it is a Very costly and time consuming activity, the difference in the two industries makes it a risky option. C) Change management h as to take off etc w hi chi I s costs y and emotional y sensitive. Recommendation and Implementation: Keeping the existing supply chain would continue to deliver the same dismal results and declining profits for the company. After careful examination and review of the alternatives, we came to conclude that the long term implication of the second alternative is the company going out of business, which eliminates option 2.This option seems illogical when we take into account the fact that Ford is an automobile manufacturing company and Dell assembles customized compu ters for its customers via the internet, eliminating dealerships all across and relying only on their website or its sales will put it at a great disadvantage with competitors. So we would recommend Ford to extend its Virtual-business strategy by partially implementing the Dell's model of supply chain (Alternative 1).The part of the Dell's model which does not fit with Ford need to be discarded. The dealers would still play a role in the distribution since the buying experience of a car from a dealer cannot be substituted by something virtual like a ad model on a computer or images and description online. Implementation In order for Ford to implement option 1, their IT systems should be centralized and hared with suppliers since its Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers might not be able to update their IT infrastructure as often as Ford.Suppliers can have access to central design database while Ford controls the access and functionality as per Management Information System-Ford Case Study An alysis Page 3 the operational requirements. The whole coordinated system would ensure a smooth flow of materials and reduced bottlenecks and enhance the efficiency of the supply chain giving a competitive edge to Ford. And lastly, we feel that dealerships can play a more involved role in forecasting customer demand and Ford should explore the option of outsourcing it to a firm which specializes in forecasting demand and can work with each dealer or network of dealers.Monitoring and Control In order for the new system to function appropriately as intended, Ford must perform the following functions: 1 . Appoint an IT specialist as a liaison to coordinate all IT activities with all suppliers in order to insure a smooth flow of information among the supply chain partners and immediately resolve issues as they arise. 2. Moon tort customers' only I nee orders by revive ewe Eng all order I dead times. The it me f mom the customer order initiation to delivery must not exceed a standard peri od of 3.Initiate an online customer satisfaction program in which customers will evaluate and rate their customer experience with Ford. 4. After every 6-8 month, review the performance and make recommendations on improvements to the appropriate authority. 5. Annual executive meetings should be held to review the progress of the business model. As well, review the shareholder value to check whether it's increasing or decreasing. Conclusion: Dell has focused on entrepreneurial and flexible approach; any chance can be embedded instantly across the organization.Ford is much bigger organization as compared to dell and has developed its operation capabilities over the period of time. Virtual integration should be implemented by ford more efficiently. It will help ford to be more efficient in term of production and quick to respond for any change in the real time. By virtual integration ford can look forward for more profitability as their overhead and inventory carrying cost will decrease . Furthermore, the over all success of this business model will depend mainly on the performance of their shareholder value. Page 4

Federal Government’s Response to Economic Issues of Tariff Essay

One outstanding feature of the railway transport during the 1880’s was reduction of freight charges to large shippers, a fact that was disadvantageous to small shippers. Railway transport was also infamous for excessive charges between destinations that were served by one railway line. Moreover, some railroads  Ã‚   demanded more payment from some shippers than from others, for the same distance covered (Brinkley et.al 1995). When Cleverland assumed office for the first time, his administration passed the first Interstate Commercial Act that primarily regulated transportation by railway line, in addition to creating an Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) that protected against any violations of the Act. The Act also prevented levying of extra charges, and discrimination in rates and rebates. Cleverland played an active role in effecting reduction of the high Tariffs. (Brinkley et.al 1995) He believed that high tariffs were the reason behind the high cost of living and for the rapid manner in which trusts were developing.   In 1887 and 1888, he made attempts to lower rates of protective tariff. These attempts were however, unsuccessful (Farmer, 2005). His   Ã‚  second term in office as the president was characterized by severe economic and financial crisis brought by collapse in the stock market. However, despite the crisis, Cleverland’s administration also saw the passing of The Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894. This law had important concessions to protectionism, in addition to reducing the rates of Tariff. (Brinkley et.al 1995) When Harrison became the president in 1889, his Government, in order to fulfill election promises, passed the McKinley tariff Act, This Act sought to protect established industries and to encourage growth of emerging industries (Farmer, 2005). The McKinley Tariff however became unpopular especially with farmers and consumers since it occasioned a rise in retail prices and led to increase in the import rates in industrial goods. However, during Harrison’s term in office, eight treaties that led to reduction in tariff rates were negotiated. Harrison’s tenure also saw the passing of the famous Sherman Anti-Trust Act, which vested the government with powers of filing lawsuits against business organizers whose actions restrained competition. This law was however, not enforced and the concentration of trusts went on as before (Brinkley et.al 1995). Reference 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brinkley, A., Freidel, F., Williams, H. T. (1995). American History: A Survey. (9th ed). New York. McGraw Hill. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Farmer, B.R. (2005). American Conservatism: History Theory and Practice. England. Cambridge Scholars Press.

Politics of Subsidies and World Trade

Politics of Subsidies and World Trade Introduction The modern world is characterized by unprecedented levels of interaction between people of different nations and cultures. This phenomena has been promoted by globalization, which is a process typified by the immense integration of economies and cultures.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Politics of Subsidies and World Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As globalization has increased, the volume of international trade has risen with all nations in the world expanding their list of international trade partners. To promote fairness in international trade, various trade-governing bodies have been established to deal with trade rules among nations. One of the issues that these trade-governing bodies such as the World trade Organization (WTO) have had to deal with is subsidies. Most nations regard subsidies as important policy instruments for ensuring their economic well-being in a competitive wor ld market. However, economists contend that subsidies lead to many negative results and adversely affect world trade. This paper will discuss the politics of subsidies and world trade so as to demonstrate that while subsidies have positive and negative impacts, pervasive subsidization is harmful to world trade. Definition of Subsidies The WTO defines a subsidy as a financial contribution by a government or any public body within the territory of a Member (Ryan, 2006, p. 126). Subsidies may be implemented when the government is involved in the direct transfer of such funds as grants or loans to an industry or when the government forgoes taxes that had already been accrued by an industry. Subsidization can also occur when the government provides goods or services that do are not necessary for the entire public but rather beneficial for specific industries. Ryan (2006) states that another way in which subsidies can exist is if a government reduces the price of a primary product with th e aim of giving the country a greater share of the export. Whatever the form they take, subsidies represent assistance from the government to producers or distributors in specific industries. Need for Subsidies Subsidies are an important policy instrument in the international trade system. They provide individual governments with the means through which to pursue industrial development and ensure the livelihoods of their citizens. Subsidies help to prevent the decline of an industry due to intense external competition or high production costs (Anderson, 2010). World trade has exposed local producers in most countries to immense pressure. Sectors such as agricultural production in developed countries have faced stiff competition leading to significant reduction in competitive advantages.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Subsidies are crucial for the industri al development of a country since they enable new technology to compete favorably with mature technologies. Historically, subsidies were responsible for the initial growth and development of commercial air transport (Kim, 2007). When commercial airline were first introduced, they had to compete with well established modes of transportation such as automobiles, ships, and trains. Because of the huge cost of air transport and the safety concerns, the private investors could not succeed in the industry without government support. Huge government subsidies helped the airline industry to develop in its initial stages and become self-reliant. Impacts of Subsidies Positive Impacts Subsidies ensure the survival of vital industries in a country. In most developed nations, the agricultural industry is not competitive since most people are involved in the manufacturing and service industry. In addition to this, the local farmers cannot compete with farmers from developing nations who have l ow production costs leading to cheap food products in the international market. Governments argue that agricultural subsidies are an issue of national concern since food self-sufficiency is integral to national security. Goodman (2010) notes that food security in the US is ensured through farm subsidies, which allow US farmers to stay in business. Without these subsidies, the industry would collapse and the nation would be forced to rely on other countries for its food greatly compromising the independence of the nation. Subsidies help to ensure stability in the market and protect consumers from the volatility of the international trade environment. For example, the world oil prices are constantly fluctuating due to the changing demand for the commodity. Oil is integral for the energy needs of all countries but since most countries do not have this resource, they have to rely on the foreign oil-producing nations. Through subsidization, governments are able to keep petroleum costs lo w and stable therefore promoting industrial development in the country (Kim, 2007). Without subsidization, the economic growth and development of the country would be deterred since operation costs for industries would be markedly higher. Subsidies have promoted the development of alternative energy technologies, therefore increasing the likelihood of energy sustainability in the future. Kim (2007) reveals that subsidies have played a major role in the development of solar power and accelerated the adoption of less polluting technology by industry. Subsidies in alternative energy technologies are offered under the assumption that as the technologies mature and become mainstream; the cost of products will move downwards making governmental assistance unnecessary.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Politics of Subsidies and World Trade specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Negative Impacts Subsidization in the agri cultural sector is harmful to the economic well-being of developing nations. Agriculture has emerged as the most sensitive topic in world trade and subsidization. Shumaker (2007) suggests that the sensitivity of agriculture can be attributed to the vast potential for trade that this industry presents. Each country therefore exhibits a drive to maximize the economic advantages available through agricultural trade for social, economic, and political reasons. Shumaker (2007) observes that most developing countries have few opportunities other than agriculture for trade and development and most of their exports consist of agricultural products. In spite of this reality, developed nations engage in subsidizing to protect their local producers. Farmers in developed nations such as the US exert great political pressures on their government to sustain subsidization and farm protectionist measures. Subsidies have contributed to the poverty experienced by farmers in developing nations. Rivoli (2009) agrees that rich country subsidies to their local farmers have a role to play in the difficulties experienced by farmers in the third world countries. Due to aggressive subsidization by developed nations, prices for agricultural products are kept artificially low since subsidies lead to an overproduction of commodities hence decreasing world market prices. Anderson (2010) reveals that foreign exchange from farming in most developing countries has been depressed by subsidies by governments of richer countries to their local farmers. This statement is corroborated by Rivoli (2009) who documents that a primary effect of US government subsidies for cotton producers is the increase in supply of cotton grown in the US and a decline in world cotton prices by up to 15%. The US domestic subsidy program puts downward pressure on the world price therefore penalizing other exporting countries. Subsidies promote inefficiencies in the market since producers are not penalized for engaging in inefficient practices. Kim (2007) asserts that subsidies prolong the life of inefficient firms and increase the tax burden on the nations citizenry. Subsidies guarantee producers that they will make a profit even if they engage in inefficient practices. The market is prevented from working in its natural way and the producers gain an unfair competitive advantage. Subsidies give unfair advantages to some countries on the international market. The EU and the US engage in export subsidization to promote local production of some goods. While such moves are beneficial to the producers, they lead to trade distorting (Rivoli, 2009).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Producers from the subsidizing countries have an unfair advantage over producers from countries that do not subsidize their products. This unfair advantage created by subsidies has the potential to damage international trade as nations take up protectionist measures in retaliation to export subsidies by other nations. These retaliations might include trade restrictions and imposition of high tariffs on imports to protect the local market. Such measures are against the trade liberalization efforts of world trade. Addressing the Subsidies Issue The negative effects of subsidies present significant problems in the development of world trade. To address the negative impacts of subsidies on world trade, the WTO has a well-defined political framework for resolving issues between countries and negotiating trade rules for the trading member states. This organization also has an Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, which aims to restrict the use of subsidies by individual coun tries (Ryan, 2006). The WTO has set up rules that prohibit member countries from aggressive subsidization that might hurt other nations. Measures have been taken to address the issue of trade distorting caused by rampant subsidization. WTO member states have been provided with a forum for presenting cases against nations that are considered to be engaging in aggressive subsidization. Using the Discussion and Conclusion Government policy makers and economists agree that international trade is crucial for the economic development of a country and it is one of the ways through which poverty can be eradicated especially in developing nations. However, for this to occur international trade has to be fair and beneficial to all the parties engaged in trading. Most subsidies lead to unfair trade and reduce the economic advantages that world trade might offer to a country. For example, excessive agricultural subsidies by developed nations have led to a reduction of national and global econom ic welfare and led to trade restriction. This paper set out to highlight the politics of subsidies and world trade with special focus on the impacts of subsidization. The discussions provided in this paper highlight that subsidies have beneficial and damaging impacts on the individual countrys economy and world trade. The paper has noted that subsidies are necessary to promote industrial growth, encourage new technologies, and protect local industries from volatile markets. However, aggressive subsidizing leads to trade distorting in the international trade arena therefore depriving third world countries of export currency in agriculture. From the arguments provided in this paper, it is clear that subsidies cannot be dismissed since they are a tool that countries can take to protect their own economic interests and the wellbeing of their citizens. However, steps should be taken to deal with subsidies that lead to negative trade outcomes in order for all nations to benefit mutually f rom world trade. References Anderson, K. (2010). Can the WTO reduce agricultural trade distortions? The Journal of International Trade Economic Development, 19(1), 109–134. Goodman, R. (2010). A five-Point Defense of Farm Subsidies. Retrieved from: http://alfafarmers.org/programs/ Kim, K.H. (2007). The Impact of Subsidies on Global Markets. Proceedings of the Northeast Business Economics Association, 12(1), 28-31. Rivoli, P. (2009). The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Power, and Politics of World Trade. NY: John Wiley Sons Ryan, L. (2006). Dogfight: Criticizing the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Amidst the Largest Dispute in World Trade Organization History. North Carolina Journal of International Law Commercial Regulation, 32(1), p115-157 Shumaker, M.J. (2007). Tearing the Fabric of the World Trade Organization: United States Subsidies on Upland Cotton. North Carolina Journal of International Law Commer cial Regulation, 32(3), 547-603.

Look here for pros and cons of essay writing services reviews

Look here for pros and cons of essay writing services reviews Before people decide to spend their hard earned money on a product or service, many of them do some research so they can be sure they are dealing with a reputable person or business. This process usually involves speaking with friends and family members who may have some experience and advice. If this isnt available, most people go to the internet to do research. There, they look for customer testimonials and reviews. Students who are considering using writing services are no different. They look to information on the internet so that they can make an informed decision about spending their money and relying on somebody else for academic help. The question is, how helpful are these reviews? The answer depends on where you look. What Makes a Helpful Review? Whether or not a review is helpful depends on how it was written. For example, an angry rant is rarely of any use to people researching a company. First, these reviews usually reflect an unhealthy bias from the person writing the review. Second, these reviews are snapshots of one persons individual experience at one point in time, and there is rarely any context given or consideration for any mitigating factors. On the other hand, overly positive reviews are often equally as useless as negative reviews. Just like negative reviews, these reflect a single experience at a single point in time. The other issue with both positive and negative reviews is that you never know if somebody is trying to boost their own ratings or somebody who is acting as a troll. This is why it is important to seek out thorough reviews that have been written for the purposes of educating and informing readers, not reviews that simply reflect a single experience. If you run across a review that isnt very detai led, uses abrasive language, uses flowery language, and appears to lack much information about a writing service, you should probably look somewhere else for your information. Why Review Websites Are Best Not to toot our own horn, but we really believe we offer students the most helpful advice and reviews when it comes to writing services. The reviews we post are based upon a thorough study of the quality of a writing services website, their customer service policies, their ability to write quality papers, the ease of placing an order and making payment, the ability of the writers to communicate with customers, and the overall user experience. If you read the reviews on our website, you will know which writing services are the best choice for you and why. You will also have a pretty good idea on how to navigate their website and you will know what you need to do to get started. You will also know which websites to avoid altogether. Our goal is to help students find the best fit for their financial and academic needs. If you have questions about any of our reviews, dont hesitate to contact us. We would love to help.

Blood Brothers Essay Example for Free (#7)

Blood Brothers Essay In the three plays I have read by Willy Russell, all of them are linked by the fact that they all contain an aspect of social inequality. Russell uses humour in all these plays to show serious messages, mostly through stereotypes. In every play there are two very contrasting social groups, each figure-headed by certain characters in the stories. For example, in Blood Brothers, Mickey figureheads the working class society like Rita does in Educating Rita, and the children do in Our Day Out. Whereas Eddie figureheads the middle class society in Blood Brothers, Frank does in Educating Rita, and Mr. Briggs does in Our Day Out. We found that the people from the working class backgrounds were all very broad scoucers, who tended to use slang words such as â€Å"ciggie† and â€Å"chippie. † They were what you would call a very typical stereotype of a broad liverpudlian. Most of them had problems aswell. For instance, Mickey in â€Å"Blood Brothers† has family problems because he has many older siblings which means he gets a lot of hand-me-down clothes and gets bullied by his older brother Sammy who breaks his toys. Rita in â€Å"Educating Rita† has many conflicts with her husband Denny who doesn’t want her to carry on with her tuition from Frank. She wants to be educated so that she can have choices. As the play progresses and Rita becomes more educated she begins to make her own decisions, she moves out of her house, ends her relationship with Denny and says â€Å"I might even have a baby† The people from the middle class backgrounds however were made to look rather different. Eddie in â€Å"Blood Brothers† doesn’t have to share his toys with brothers or sisters like Mickey does, and his mother doesn’t have to worry about financial problems because they have quite a lot of money. The men that were from the middle class backgrounds (Mr. Briggs and Frank) both wore suits and seemed to be well educated, living a comfortable lifestyle. This society of people in the stories tended to speak more formally using words such as â€Å"What in the world is being off one’s cake? † Eddie is brought up to speak correctly and not use colloquialisms. In â€Å"Blood Brothers† Micky asks him what a dictionary is and Eddie replies â€Å"It is a book which tells you the meaning of words. † I think Russell makes the social classes seem so very different to one another in each play, so that when they come together there is a lot of humour, but also a lot of tension between them because neither social class really understand each other. This forms a rich and poor type of scenario for all three plays. In â€Å"Educating Rita† Frank is a rich lecturer and Rita is a poor university student who has bad problems with her husband at home. In â€Å"Our Day Out† there is a similar contrast between Mr. Briggs the, well-spoken teacher, and the children who come from a poor, run-down area. These rich and poor scenarios are serious messages that Russell conveys in all three plays. Interestingly enough though, it is the people from the middle class backgrounds that turn out to be the most strange of the two societies. Frank in Educating Rita has a drink addiction, yet has a comfortable lifestyle and is on a stable income. Mr. Briggs doesn’t like the children at the school where he works because they are less fortunate than himself, he says â€Å"most of them were rejects on the day they were born. † Eddie’s adopted mother in Blood Brothers, Mrs. Lyons, is supersticious and unhappy. Quote: â€Å"The shoes! The shoes! On the table! Get them off! Get them off! † Frank and Mr. Briggs are in many ways the same, they both wear suits and dress smartly, they both have similar lifestyles and they both have some sort of problem (i. e. the drink and the hatred for people less fortunate than him). This is where I think that Blood Brothers is different, it doesn’t contain a male character as old as Frank or Mr. Briggs who appears often in the story. Whereas the conversations between adult and youth in the other stories are mainly comical, like in Our Day Out when the two lads are caught smoking at the back of the bus, in Blood Brothers they are more intense. I think Blood Brothers on the whole is more intense. In Blood Brothers Russell uses a narrator drifting in and out of the play at certain times, saying daunting things about the scene that has just happened, or is going to happen. I believe this represents the devil and is a good way of creating an eerie tension, because he moves to different places on the stage in the play, and you never see his whole face or body, he is always in the shadows. There are no narrators in the two other plays but dramatic devices also take on the form of dramatic irony. In â€Å"Blood Brothers† this is shown by the two twins not knowing they are twins, when they first become friends. Later in the story when they find out they were born on the same day â€Å"That means we can be blood brothers† the audience can see what is happening, they are going to eventually find out that they are real brothers, and there will be a big disaster because of this. â€Å"Our Day Out† shows dramatic irony when the bus driver is told the children can’t afford sweets or lemonade â€Å"lemonade never touches their lips† but when the driver turns around they all are munching on chocolate bars! Later on their journey the bus stops at a sweet shop and the audience sees the shopkeepers talking about raising the prices of the goods in their shop â€Å"Can I help inflation? † The audience now know that the shopkeepers are going to raise their prices, but the children don’t. The children get their revenge for being ‘ripped off’. They all squeeze into the shop and each time the shopkeepers turn their backs to collect more sweets from the shelves, the kids pocket anything in front of them. The two shopkeepers are oblivious to the stealing taking place until the coach leaves and they realise no money from the till has changed hands â€Å"Thievin’ little bastards! † shouts one of the shopkeepers. Russell also uses the influence of song in â€Å"Blood Brothers† and â€Å"Our Day Out† to show the mood and feelings of the characters as the play progresses. At the beginning of â€Å"Blood Brothers† Mrs. Johnston is seen dancing in a pub singing a song with the lines â€Å"Oh we went dancing. † in the chorus. As the play continues she occasionally sings this line but at a tempo which reflects the mood of the play itself. In â€Å"Our Day Out† the songs are cheerful and uplifting â€Å"We’re off, we’re off, we’re off in a motor car. † The themes of the three plays are all linked in many ways. As I have said before, social inequality connects all three, another is the fact they are all set in and around Liverpool with some of the characters in each play speaking with a very broad Liverpudlian accent. Finally, the last one is that they all contain an aspect concerning death. I. e. In Blood Brothers, Mickey and Eddie, in Educating Rita, Rita’s flatmate tries to commit suicide, and in Our Day Out one of the pupils called Carol also attempts to kill herself â€Å"Try an’ get me an’ I’ll jump over. † I believe that Willy Russell features the aspects of social inequality, hatred, death, abuse, love, irony and humour in each play because he knows they have a hard-hitting impact on the audience. Also I think it is because at some time in his life he has been affected significantly by them and so, involves them in something which he can express his feelings and emotions at. Writing. Blood Brothers. (2017, Sep 23).

Discrimination and Prejudice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discrimination and Prejudice - Essay Example These are mammoth challenges for the specialist communities, inclusive of social scientists, policy makers, governmental units, students of society, and members of minority and dominant groups. This situation urges for all these people, to contrive a way through which everybody can surface as a human being, and not as a specific color, class or creed. Where the social scientists need to develop ways and means which suit the humans of current times, the policy makers need to establish laws and regulations that are followed in letter and spirit. The students also need to play and instrumental role, as they are the grass-roots which shall develop or destruct the prejudice system in the next decades. Bias always in embedded in the foundations of a society, and needs to be tackled at that very level. As Chen clearly specifies through the example of what happened with Eboni. Discrimination of black children not being allowed to play simply because the place 'looks bad' is a horrendous representation of a society that preaches democracy and freedom to the rest of the world. Subsequently, the battle for the house acquisition goes on, not only with this family, but with many others, who keep on getting rejections because they are not visually and conceptually acceptable. Further, as is elucidated in the environment-based discrimination case as well, there is a colossal prejudice according to demographic data in the facilities and general well-being available to the minorities in the Los Angeles County. The fact of the matter is that ever since man has entered civilization, he has ceased to be 'civilized' in the context of equality. In most recent times, especially in the context of the US, this discrimination has been from the onset of colonization, and has turn a multitude of economic, political and social turns to take its shape as it is today. As a claimant of 'the land of opportunity', the country was eager to allow more and more people coming in, from all cultures, religions and background. And while the economic opportunity was there, there was a dearth of social acceptance and tolerance. Nonetheless, as the facts suggest, the minorities have also stayed on the threshold of economic independence, some thing which has lead to a major societal and class difference in a capitalist society. Resultantly, the minorities in the form of race and ethnic groups were segregated behind many glass walls and ceilings. Herein another problem can be highlighted as well. Though people with a strong willpower may well be able to deal with situations in a different manner, but everyday social psychology purports that people living in minority groups are likely to have low self-esteems. This is simply because they are being looked down upon, merely because of their lack of strength. And a lack of anything is likely to generate a challenge for the self-esteem of the individual. Self-esteem is a very integral personality concern, but issues of discrimination generate self-esteem challenges on a collective and communal level. Where this may also provide within the group, this also highlights the injustice being done at a wider scale, which affects a whole host of people. The Evolution of Ethnicity on the Social Map The land of opportunity as it was and is, has constantly witnessed the influx of people from all nationalities, religions, races and ethnic groups entering its

IRISH POTATO FAMINE SOURCES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IRISH POTATO FAMINE SOURCES - Essay Example However, the increased population created scarcity in land. The number of people was exceeding the available land. The government had to device a way for diving land. The small plots that were issued by the government could only bear the very potato. Population increase and land scarcity can, on a perspective, be said to be the first negative impact that potato brought to Ireland. Since the small land could only contain the potato crop, the people of Ireland solely relied on this crop as the staple food and also as the only source of income from its sales. When the potato blight hit the country, the people had been caught unaware. As their crops were being helplessly destroyed before their eyes by the blight, distress captured the better part of them as they wondered of the available solutions. The blight was taking away the only source of life. The people started to starve due to lack of adequate food. Starvation made the people weak and vulnerable to all kinds of diseases. Typhus, Dysentery and Relapsing fever came upon them like plague (source 3). With the starvation and the emergence of the deadly diseases, life took a horrific turn on many common people. Hardship became a daily companion. The population had shifted their focus from potato farming to working on the public roads (source 2 & 3). A report by Wexford Independent describes the public as low income earner (source 3). The people were working in the extremely cold weather and their wages could not allow them to buy warm clothes. The cold caused the inflammatory of their lungs and fever. The poor salaries made the blanket a rare luxury for these people (source10). These people were also walking long distances and without food to eat. Most of them would drop and die while at work (source2). Thus, the root cause of their tribulations was cold and hunger. The poor Irish crowded the roads, begging

'Compare and contrast the intended and emergent approach to strategic Essay

'Compare and contrast the intended and emergent approach to strategic management' and compare this to Dixons - Essay Example Mintzberg has lectured for several years on management and has authored several books on strategic management. The article is useful in researching Dixon’s strategy formulation process. Mintzberg article is geared at highlighting how the management can implement strategies that ensure organisational competitive edge. Pretorius and Maritz (2011) agree with Mintzberg that strategies should be based on the business environment. However, Ansoff (1991) disagrees with Mintzberg by critiquing the sample used in design school theory and asserting that strategies should not focus on the entire organization. Mintzberg conquers with Mintzberg and Waters (1985), that some strategies are emergent while other are deliberate. Concludes by asserting that strategy formulation should be controlled and executives must have the responsibility in the formulation. The article is useful in understanding modern strategy formulation in organisations since it focuses on the factors that should be consi dered in strategy formulation and responsibility of executives. I my view, the article offer a constructive approach to strategy formulation. 2. Ansoff, H., (1991). Critique of Henry Mintzberg's 'The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, PP 449-461. ... Ansoff explains how managers can manage changes in the environment through incremental strategies. Ansoff disagrees with Mintzberg and Waters (1985) and Pretorius and Maritz (2011), by concluding that it is impractical to formulate a strategy in an uncertain business environment. Ansoff provides an essential background for reviewing the history of strategy formulation in organisation. Kipping and Cailluet (2010) Aluminum industry case study confirms his views since managers have only implemented incremental strategies. Ansoff provides valuable criticism of design school since according to him it failed both prescriptive and descriptive observations. Ansoff suggests that managers should rely on trial and error and gradual strategies in low turbulent environment. I disagree with Ansoff since he did not offer any suggestions on strategy formulation in rapidly changing environments. 3. Mintzberg, H., and Waters, J. A., (1985) Of Strategies Deliberate and Emergent, Strategic Management Jo urnal, Vol. 6, PP 257-272. Mintzberg and Waters (1985) provide the framework of different strategic choices in the organisation. The article is aimed at highlighting different strategic formulation approaches. Some critical aspects of strategy formulation outlined by Mintzberg and Waters include types of strategies. Both Mintzberg and Waters are both reputable business authors. The article is useful in researching Dixon’s strategy formulation process. The paper offers both intended and emergent strategies like entrepreneurial strategy, ideological strategy, Consensus strategy, and Imposed strategy that are helpful in studying strategy formulation

Healthcare Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Healthcare Technology - Essay Example 2.0. Brief Overview of WH and its Technological Approaches With regard to the unconventional healthcare services, WH can be considered as one of the major and largest healthcare service providers across the UK and other geographical regions. Since the last four decades, the organisation has been recognised to play a dominant role in serving the UK and overseas clients through its unconventional strategies with expertise in neurosurgery, orthopaedics, gynaecology along with cardiac and neurological rehabilitation care facilities ([1]The Wellington Hospital, 2013). The intervention of computer system has also been widely observed to provide adequate support for WH to enhance its clinical services and ensure satisfaction from the clients. More significantly, the selection, implementation as well as adequate support of the healthcare informatics have been recently observed to play an essential role for the organization to intensify its success potentials. In relation to the present day c ontext, a range of technological attributes are likely to be selected in the WH settings in order to increase the efficiency and the accountability of its varied group of healthcare facilities. In order to inculcate this notion and mitigate the identified challenges in technology integration, the healthcare settings of WH have further been designed to provide adequate access to the patients in procuring quality based healthcare services ([1] The Wellington Hospital, 2013). 3.0. Technologies Used in the WH A successfully integrated technology framework is one of the major resources required in the management of contemporary healthcare organisations to build and maintain strong sustainability in the competitive market. It is in this context that recent studies have inferred that the... This paper stresses that the continuous integration as well as compliance with the advanced technological aspects tend to increase the efficiency of the medical services. In relation to the present technological development of the healthcare services delivered by WH, the integration of GP Liaison system, Telehealth facilities as well as MRI process can be recognised to play an essential role altogether enabling the organisation to provide appropriate diagnosis and treatment facilities to improve the critical health condition of the clients. This essay makes a conclusion that the integration of technological attributes has been identified to acquire a major attention by the healthcare practitioners. As identified in the above discussion, with regard to the valued contribution of technology, the GP Liaison services, telehealth facilities along with MRI imaging services altogether have been recognised to play an essential role for WH to enhance its varied range of medical services for the global clients. The technological attributes existing in these medical services sector ensures the deliverance of adequate benefits to the patients in terms of diagnosing and developing effective care facilities. It also ensures to convey or develop expertise treatment and diagnostic process to consult regarding any critical disease case. Conclusively, it can also be ascertained in this context that the patients of WH can avail various types of healthcare services with the help of technology based healthcare systems integrated in the oper ational system of the organisation.

Article summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article summary - Research Paper Example In addition, the findings revealed that the brain contains a neuron response that arouses a person to offer empathy to another after witnessing them in pain. Although care providers offer empathy to their patients as one way of treatment, nurses regulate their empathy to patients to avoid the traumatic effects of seeing patients in pain (Campbell-Yeo et al., 2008). The article plays an important role in educating caregivers on the effects of empathy to ailing patients as they treat them. From the study, empathy is an essential component in the management of pain. The article also sensitizes nurses to the extent of emerging evidence that empathetic aspects are uncontrollable and, thus, can render them vulnerable. In addition, the article contributes to the theoretical basis of nursing through reviewing the literature that exists on this subject, inspiring others to do more studies on it. The article contributes to nursing scientific growth through advising on the ethical behavior at work when dealing with patients in pain. Non-empathetic caregivers can now learn the behavior and better their services to

'Compare and contrast the intended and emergent approach to strategic Essay

'Compare and contrast the intended and emergent approach to strategic management' and compare this to Dixons - Essay Example Mintzberg has lectured for several years on management and has authored several books on strategic management. The article is useful in researching Dixon’s strategy formulation process. Mintzberg article is geared at highlighting how the management can implement strategies that ensure organisational competitive edge. Pretorius and Maritz (2011) agree with Mintzberg that strategies should be based on the business environment. However, Ansoff (1991) disagrees with Mintzberg by critiquing the sample used in design school theory and asserting that strategies should not focus on the entire organization. Mintzberg conquers with Mintzberg and Waters (1985), that some strategies are emergent while other are deliberate. Concludes by asserting that strategy formulation should be controlled and executives must have the responsibility in the formulation. The article is useful in understanding modern strategy formulation in organisations since it focuses on the factors that should be consi dered in strategy formulation and responsibility of executives. I my view, the article offer a constructive approach to strategy formulation. 2. Ansoff, H., (1991). Critique of Henry Mintzberg's 'The design school: reconsidering the basic premises of strategic management,' Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 12, PP 449-461. ... Ansoff explains how managers can manage changes in the environment through incremental strategies. Ansoff disagrees with Mintzberg and Waters (1985) and Pretorius and Maritz (2011), by concluding that it is impractical to formulate a strategy in an uncertain business environment. Ansoff provides an essential background for reviewing the history of strategy formulation in organisation. Kipping and Cailluet (2010) Aluminum industry case study confirms his views since managers have only implemented incremental strategies. Ansoff provides valuable criticism of design school since according to him it failed both prescriptive and descriptive observations. Ansoff suggests that managers should rely on trial and error and gradual strategies in low turbulent environment. I disagree with Ansoff since he did not offer any suggestions on strategy formulation in rapidly changing environments. 3. Mintzberg, H., and Waters, J. A., (1985) Of Strategies Deliberate and Emergent, Strategic Management Jo urnal, Vol. 6, PP 257-272. Mintzberg and Waters (1985) provide the framework of different strategic choices in the organisation. The article is aimed at highlighting different strategic formulation approaches. Some critical aspects of strategy formulation outlined by Mintzberg and Waters include types of strategies. Both Mintzberg and Waters are both reputable business authors. The article is useful in researching Dixon’s strategy formulation process. The paper offers both intended and emergent strategies like entrepreneurial strategy, ideological strategy, Consensus strategy, and Imposed strategy that are helpful in studying strategy formulation

Article summary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article summary - Research Paper Example In addition, the findings revealed that the brain contains a neuron response that arouses a person to offer empathy to another after witnessing them in pain. Although care providers offer empathy to their patients as one way of treatment, nurses regulate their empathy to patients to avoid the traumatic effects of seeing patients in pain (Campbell-Yeo et al., 2008). The article plays an important role in educating caregivers on the effects of empathy to ailing patients as they treat them. From the study, empathy is an essential component in the management of pain. The article also sensitizes nurses to the extent of emerging evidence that empathetic aspects are uncontrollable and, thus, can render them vulnerable. In addition, the article contributes to the theoretical basis of nursing through reviewing the literature that exists on this subject, inspiring others to do more studies on it. The article contributes to nursing scientific growth through advising on the ethical behavior at work when dealing with patients in pain. Non-empathetic caregivers can now learn the behavior and better their services to

Limitations of interviews Essay Example for Free

Limitations of interviews Essay Despite the advantages associated with interviews, a number of limitations must also be acknowledged. For example they are time-consuming; one of the biggest weaknesses could be the ability to interview only a sample population, raising concerns with the generalization of findings. As a consequence, in this investigation, the use of multiple sources of data has been conceived to validate qualitative data, as the degree to which archival data, interviews, and document analysis converge makes the conclusions about the phenomenon more convincing. The Method in which Conclusions will be derived The most important issue in research is that the process of arriving at conclusions is not a sequential one. No conclusion can be drawn until there is a clear data display. The process of arriving at conclusions will be as shown in Figure 6 below (Miles. Huberman, 1994). Consequently, after having administered the questionnaires and collated the responses, the findings will be compared with review of literature to analyze the banking system in China and UK. Figure 6 Chapter 3 – Literature Review Literature on Banking in China. Banking China General. Modern banking in China commenced with the establishment of the first Chinese bank based on western pattern of banking in 1897. (Cheng, 2003). The Chinese banking system however has undergone turbulence over the years due to historical upheavals in the country such as the invasion by the Japanese in 1937, the Second World War, the Communist Revolution, communist party rule and there after opening of the economy in the 1980’s and 1990’s. The era of 1927 to 1937 is regarded as the golden era of Chinese banking under the government of Sun Yat Sen. There after there have been many changes until the emergence of the present banking system. (Cheng, 2003). Chow (1994) has indicated that the principal player in the Chinese banking industry is the People’s Bank which has played an important role in the Chinese economy even after liberalization though its role has been relatively passive. The Chinese banking reforms were undertaken after the landmark decision during the Third Plenary Session of the Fourteenth Congress of the Chinese Communist Party on 11 and 14 November. (Chow). These reforms reversed the processes undertaken almost five decades earlier in December 1948 when the People’s Bank was established after consolidating a number of local banks such as the Huabei Bank, Beihai Bank and Xibei Farmer Bank. The China Banking Regulatory Commission was established to supervise the financial industry in March 2003, thus diluting the hold of the People’s Bank as a central bank established in 1983. The People’s Bank is supported by four principal state controlled banks of which Bank of China (BOC) is one of the largest entities. The OECD Economic Survey on China 2005 indicates that the government policy has provided adequate space for the growth of market forces to influence the economy and is now determining the prices, trade, and investment by foreign companies as well as the overall financial system. (OECD, 2005). These reforms have impacted the level of savings in the Chinese economy while at the same time providing for greater foreign investment. The report has called for greater reforms in the banking sector to ensure that the process of growth is carried forward. (OECD, 2005). Thus broadly it would be seen that Chinese banking industry is on a threshold of transformation. Literature on Bank of China Bank of China – General The Bank of China is one of China’s oldest banks which has had a significant role to play in China’s financial history. The Bank was established in 1912 under the Sun Yat Sen regime. It had an important part to play in the turbulent period of China’s history to include a constant flux in the economy, political change and revolutionary periods including wars. (About Bank of China,. 2006). In the beginning of the Communist era, in1949, it was nominated as the primary bank specializing in foreign exchange. Thus it was at the fore front of development of foreign trade, providing currency and credit facilities to a large variety of individuals and firms. (About Bank of China, 2006). In 1994, the Bank was converted to a state owned commercial bank thus in 2003, when the Chinese banking sector assumed velocity it greatly benefited Bank of China. In 2003 another initiative to convert it into a joint holding bank was undertaken, a process which was finalized in 2004 when it was incorporated as a joint stock commercial bank, thereby providing it the ability and the regulatory authority to provide a wide spectrum of services across a vast geographic area to include 27 countries and regions. It is stated to have 10000 domestic and 600 overseas operations. (About Bank of China, 2006).

Complaint letter

Complaint letter I wish to present complaints that your business has presented to Yoga Center which have continually worked to strain our relationship as business neighbors. Your employees have always been leaving the garbage carts outside our Day-care premises making it a huge distraction to our clients as well. This is against the accepted code of behavior since the carts should be kept at the appropriate storage areas at all times. We have also noted with concern that your businesses have been dumping wastes and other inappropriate items close to our premises. This is an eyesore to our business and has adversely affected the business. This illegal dumping has made us land into problems with the local authorities as dumping is against the local regulations (Joshi, 2006). Recently Yoga Center was even required to pay a hefty fine. Another complaint which we wish to raise is the noted unfair competition which you have subjected to our business. The billboards which have been erected around our business have largely confused our clients and made the business to not pick-up fast as anticipated. The storage and parking of vehicles has also been a case of distress. Noise has been on increase in the recent past. This being a yoga centre we require total silence in order for the people to effectively reflect and offer adequate care to babies. The increased noise levels work as a distraction and the clients do not achieve the necessary results. This has made our clients not to be satisfied with the results and they have left the yoga classes thus making us to lose profits. Kindly consider these complaints for mutual relations between us, thanks. References Joshi, G. (2006). Writing Skills for Technical Purposes. New York, U.S.A: Gyan Publishing House

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - Innocence is More Important that Wisdom :: Billy Budd Essays

Herman Melville's Billy Budd - Innocence is More Important that Wisdom  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Billy Budd, the author, Herman Melville, presents a question that stems directly from the original sin of ouAdam and Eve: Is it better to be innocent and ignorant, but good and righteous, or is it better to be experienced and knowledgeable?   Through this work, Billy Budd,Melville is telling us that we need to strike some kind of balance between these two ideas; we need to have morality and virtue; we need to be in the world, but not of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To illustrate his theme, Melville uses a few characters who are all very different, the most important of which is Billy Budd.   Billy is the focal point of the book and the single person whom we are meant to learn the most from.   On the ship, the Rights-of-Man, Billy is a cynosure among his shipmates; a leader, not by authority, but by example.   All the members of the crew look up to him and love him.   He is "strength and beauty.   Tales of his prowess [are] recited.   Ashore he [is] the champion, afloat the spokesman; on every suitable occasion always foremost"(9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Despite his popularity among the crew and his hardworking attitude, Billy is transferred to another British ship, the Indomitable.   And while he is accepted for his looks and happy personality, "...hardly here [is] he that cynosure he had previously been among those minor ship's companies of the merchant marine"(14).   It is here, on the Indomitable that Billy says good-bye to his rights.   It is here, also, that Billy meets John Claggart, the master-at-arms.   A man "in whom was the mania of an evil nature, not engendered by vicious training or corrupting books or licentious living but born with him and innate, in short 'a depravity according to nature'"(38).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Here then, is presented a man with a personality and character to contrast and conflict with Billy's.   Sweet, innocent Billy immediately realizes that this man is someone he does not wish to cross and so after seeing Claggart whip another crew-member for neglecting his responsibilities, Billy "resolved that never through remissness would he make himself liable to such a visitation or do or omit aught that might merit even verbal reproof"(31).   Billy is so good and so innocent that he tries his hardest to stay out of trouble.   "What then was his surprise and concern when ultimately he found himself getting into petty trouble occasionally about such matters as the stowage of his bag.

schwarzenegger and fiscal policy Essay -- essays research papers

California’s Republican governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, outlined a budget proposal January 9 that constitutes a massive assault on health, education and other social service programs upon which millions of people in the state rely. The $99 billion budget is aimed at eliminating a $14.3 billion gap between expected tax revenues and expenditures. It will include $4.6 billion in cuts, $1 billion in fund shifts from gasoline taxes (by postponing road construction projects) and an additional $2 billion reduction in education spending. In addition, the budget mandates a $729 million cut from higher education and a $165 million reduction from child-care programs for school goers. The budget also forces state employees to pay an additional five percent of their wages into their pensions, to pay off state borrowing. Nearly one-tenth of the state budget gap will be shifted to local governments, as $1.3 billion in property taxes due to cities and counties will be siphoned off to the state. There will also be a severe reduction in health and welfare services, in a state where six million residents have no health insurance and 60 hospitals have shut over the last decade. Administration officials admit that more than 110,000 poor Californians will lose health insurance due to the cuts, which include $880 million from Medi-Cal and $10 million from public health services. The state’s welfare program for mothers with dependent children—Cal-Works—will lose $790 million, while $126 million will be slashed from in-home services, $134 million from Supplemental Income payments and an additional $800 million from other health services. It is hard to exaggerate the human impact of the proposed budget. Counties, already strapped for cash, will be forced to lay off thousands of employees. The budget will reduce public assistance benefits for 481,000 poor families, including childcare services, while stiffening work requirements. Enrollment for the state universities will be capped and those that enter will face increasing costs and fewer and smaller grants. Health services for the young and poor will be capped. Programs will be curtailed at youth correctional facilities. Under conditions in which 1.13 million people are unemployed in the state and a record number of families have been dropped from employer-provided health insurance, cities and counties will be forced to engage in y... ... to stave off even greater cuts. Several other unions are also negotiating concessions with the governor. During last summer’s recall campaign Schwarzenegger concealed from the public the type of measures he would take if he reached the governor’s mansion. Instead he promised to eliminate the deficit by auditing the government and finding waste. While giving no specifics about his program he suggested he would not cut education or basic services for the poor. The news media also concealed this reality and gave its full support to the recall election and Schwarzenegger’s candidacy, which it generally hailed. The Socialist Equality Party opposed the recall campaign as an attempt by the Republican Party to subvert democratic processes and impose a right-wing agenda rejected by the voters less than a year before. The SEP ran its own candidate in the recall campaign, John Christopher Burton, to present a socialist alternative for working people. The SEP campaign warned that whether Davis or Schwarzenegger prevailed, the working class would face drastic attacks on jobs, living standards and public services. This warning is now being confirmed in the actions of both big business parties.

Strategy Non Market Environments

Strategic Management in Non-market Environments 05/11 – 06/11. Cheetah / Hyena video ? Analogues to business world o Make kill, but can you hold when scavengers come o Eat fast if you’re a cheetah ? Value Creation o Economic Activity ? Value Capture o Power, Leverage Companies you create (value you create) must be cognizant of game to come (value capture) Boeing ? Site distribution throughout US, most Congressional districts o Helps when applying / bidding for contracts o Decision making process in Congress ? If only worried about â€Å"capturing an antelope† (market environment), wouldn’t design locations for supply chain this way ?Recognizing hyenas (non-market environment effects) o How to ensure capture value o Spread out across country (multiple congressional districts) o Helps with getting funding (congressionally directed contracts) ? GM locations are more concentrated o Operationally makes more sense, politics weren’t controlling decision ma king o However, when GM needs something from Government, may be in worse position than Boeing Wal-Mart ? Not in bigger cities o Local players (protected), politics can block entry o How negotiate, work around? Market vs.Nonmarket Environment ? Market transactions are typically consensual and bilateral o Voluntary, fundamental 1:1 (bilateral negotiations between parties) ? Nonmarket transactions are rarely consensual and are almost always multilateral ? Market environment focuses on economics ? Nonmarket environment combines political science, psychology and ethics. Integrated, Managerial Strategy ? Goal as a Manager is to integrate Market and Non-market strategy Four I’s (way to analyze situation) ? Issues ? Interests ? Institutions ? Information Diebold Case ?Risks (reputational, new technology) o Can we create Ballot Security service arm, to help solve problem and also create profitability for firm? ? Quality issues ? Communication / marketing plan ? Reach out to political parties, special interest groups ? Diebold should have known Bev Harris, taken her call ? Diebold files suit under DMCA (may not have been best idea in non-market environment) o Protecting access to information becomes worldwide cause ? Politics is unstable o Have to be farsighted o Can not be myopic, take short term view ? Pays to set the genda (want to be the one who makes theproposal) o Proposal helps define the winners and losers o Want to be the agenda setter Observations on Nonmarket Strategy & Analysis ? Issues generate nonmarket competition ? Market rivals can be nonmarket allies; coalitions can be effective ? Your choice of objectives determines who is aligned with and against you ? Alignments of interests are often issue-specific ? Business can represent those who would otherwise be unrepresented ? Institutional features matter; e. g. , Federal versus State jurisdiction ?When attempting to stop an issue, proposing better alternatives is often effective o Bring other intere sts into play ? If there is a problem for you at the company level (e. g. , appearance of corruption), then form coalitions and work on behalf of coalition o J&J – partner with other pharmaceutical, healthcare orgs, activist groups (help assure people are not acting in corrupt fashion, but for greater public good) o Can expand to not just specific industry, but all businesses in area (e. g. , chamber of commerce), etc. ? When thinking about coalitions ask: who benefits from my success on this issue?Goal of Course ? Don’t accept that rules are fixed (â€Å"rules are not fixed†) o But think about is there a way that we can change the rules to benefit the company o Don’t miss opportunity to change b/c have not considered ? Politics is about public good, but also fundamentally about â€Å"redistribution† o How can set strategy to affect positively for our organization ? Complication of Politics o People are motivated to go to voting booth on moral conc erns along with economic o Sometimes issues that can be large motivators may not have as large an impact as other concernsLuxury Tax Case ? 1990; Tax was introduced on luxury items o Huge political fight, tiny revenue generator (not important in context of trying to balance the federal budget) ? Why was the tax introduced if will not have large impact? ? May have just been for the perception; create impression that care about fairness in way that doesn’t create large new taxes for parties ? Core constituents feel that they â€Å"care about values they run on† ? May have been to help â€Å"reelection problem† ?Opposed to tax: consumers of luxury goods, manufacturers of luxury items, retailers of foreign luxury items ? Supporters of Luxury Tax: foreign manufacturers of boats, people who don’t buy luxury items, domestic manufacturers of luxury cars, manufacturers of substitutes for luxury items, some NGOs (anti-fur, anti-diamong) o Not an accident that bill does not apply to GM (b/c GM was on committee working on bill) ? When make predictions in the political arena, are going to ask: o Who are important interest groups, who will have power on the issue ?Large number of voters ? Wealth / contributions / participation of group ? Do you have connections with key members of Congress? ? Distribution of voters ? Ability to get media attention (celebrities, experts) ? Is the group organized? o Who has power, who has incentives? ? Can go a long way to making predictions once have the details of the situation ? What determines the incentives for action? o Magnitude of benefits will receive ? As a group ? As individuals (per capita) ? Substitutes and Opportunity cost ? How does this compare to other issues ?Expected Return on Effort ? (how much work will take / what is expected impact) ? Potential reputational costs ? Luxury Tax Coalition ? Yachts – Not as many manufacturers, not as well distributed (concentrated in states like Rhode Isla nd, smaller state) ? Foreign manufacturers are not voters – poor position when entering country ? Cross of manufacturers (Horizontal across Rent Chains) – Airplanes, Boats o Distributed Politics Spreadsheet, Cemex case ? ? ? See spreadsheet for Distributed Politics notes Modified Lowi Matrix Cemex case notes on handouts

Gothic literature Essay

In response to the question â€Å"is gothic literature purely escapist? † considering Austen’s Northanger Abbey and Walpole’s novel The Castle of Ontranto, which is recognized as pretty much establishing the genre, the answer is yes. Castle of Ontranto Brief Plot summary The plot of Castle begins full tilt as Conrad, son of Manfred of house Otranto, is crushed by a giant helmet on his wedding day, also his birthday. Because of the marriage’s political connections, Manfred decides to divorce his wife, Hippolita, and marry Conrad’s betrothed, Isabella. Amid speculations about an â€Å"ancient prophecy† claiming â€Å"That the castle and lordship of Otranto should pass from the present family, whenever the real owner should be grown too large to inhabit it,† Manfred’s second union is disrupted by a series of supernatural events involving many oversized limbs, ghosts, mysterious blood, and a true prince (Wikipedia). Castle of Ontranto represents the quintessential Gothic story. It created the genre. Key examples of this can be seen as follows: 1 Note: that Gothic literature is escapist through the use of contrasting specific elements to create conflict and draw the attention of the reader. (the main themes most common in these two novels are: horror vs romance, good vs evil, and the element of mystery basically the known vs the unknown. ) The Castle of Ontranto opens with the line â€Å"Manfred, Prince of Otranto, had one son and one daughter: the latter, a most beautiful virgin, aged eighteen, was called Matilda (chp1). † This is a very fantastic scenario from the main character being a Prince to the daughter being a beautiful eighteen year old virgin in an era when many women in prestigious families were married off by the age of 14. The author goes on to point out how the son Conrad three years younger than Matilda is ugly sickly frail and pale. The act of immediately contrasting Conrad’s ugly sickliness with Matilda’s beauty and pure virginity, significantly defines the gothic genre, which is literally defined as â€Å"an important genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. † -Another important contrast other than horror and romance is good and evil. This can be seen in Walpole’s novel through the differences in the characters. The Castle of Otranto† revolves around a curse that has been placed upon the family of Manfred, ruler of the principality of Otranto. The curse is slightly ill defined, but apparently threatens the end of Manfred’s rule and destruction of his family. Manfred is a greedy man who plots and schemes to outwit this curse. He is clearly the villain of the novel and contrasts strongly with the three leading women, Hippolita his wife, Matilda his daughter and Isabella the intended wife of his son. These women represent the forces of good throughout the novel. NOTE: Heroines in gothic books as well as in contemporary horror is a common theme a major example of this being emphasized in Northanger abbey can be seen when Austen says, â€Å"Chapter 1 – But from fifteen to seventeen she was in training for a heroine; she read all such works as heroines must read to supply their memories with those quotations which are so serviceable and so soothing in the vicissitudes of their eventfuly lives. † (page 9) NOTE: examples of Romance as a theme in Northanger Abbey â€Å"Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love. † Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey â€Å"In every power, of which taste is the foundation, excellence is pretty fairly divided between the sexes. â€Å" Jane Austen, Northanger Abbey, 1818

Business Research For Business

In order to draw the attention of tourists, the tourist market of Australia has been associated this arrangement of the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast which is a fruitful opportunity. Quantitative data would be increased in light of investigation of reports considering the recorded number of accommodation properties in Gold Coast furthermore on required improvements and developments of inn properties in the district (Wetcher-Hendricks, 2014). At the end of the day, the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast in Australia effect and impulse tourists to appreciate a particular service in an induced period. To execute this examination objectives, inquiries and exploration methodology will be talked about in this business research. All things considered, the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast in Australia sway bargains especially at the period of festivities. In addition, Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast and its accommodation properties redesign an opportunity to endeavour another service of a checked tourist market of Australia through prohibitive arrangements accommodation properties(Fink, 2012). In this research proposal, the criticalness of Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast and accommodation properties on the tour market of Australia will be examined. Consequently, the relationship between the need of visitor and service of tour industry of Australia will be portrayed in this research proposal. The qualitative data would be for the most part increased in light of interviewing the managers of Hilton Surfers Paradise. Furthermore, each and every part related to the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast in Australia and tour requirement in Australia will be analysed in this research proposal. In order to examine strategy, Hilton Surfers Paradise Hotel management have been utilized for meeting the exploration objectives would comprise of both gathering interviews furthermore the investigation of secondary data connected with the assessment of reports(Norris, 2016). In this article essentially the unfavorable impact of the climatic change has been highlighted on Queensland and additionally on Gold Coast. However, the journal demonstrates the central difficulties that Gold Coast aspects and the proposals for enhancing the viability of the business in Gold Coast. Besides that, it has likewise been highlighted that the ascent in the ocean level has undermined the ways of life and properties of Queensland. At present, it has been found that the Gold Coast has a larger number of houses than some other part in Queensland. In other words, the specific article centers that the tourism business of Queensland is at danger because of climatic change. Along these lines, more than 3,500 private structures in the Gold Coast are at danger. Nevertheless, it has been noticed that a large portion of the houses in the Gold Coast exists in 100 meter of erodible coastline (Masny, D, 2016). These integrates the records of the management of Hilton Surfers Paradise Hotel and its arrangements and strategy that are identified with the monetary advancement, group arranging, urban outline and real framework ventures. Though, this specific research work has been done on the premise of the narrative research of the secondary materials. In other sense, this includes going by the field to the minor and real wellbeing and/or information hubs with regards to rural and urban. Moreover, the narrative research is supplemented by the spatial analysis. In this article, the specific researcher has settled on one and only essential research procedure and that is analysis of the proper writing audit. In addition, research system accumulates data through specific data collection methods. In order to conduct a powerful research, a researcher may assemble basis data and can examine the gathered data and data to achieve a specific conclusion.    Thus, in this research work, qualitative analysis has been achieved with a specific end goal to analysis the assembled data. In other words, to conduct specific research, the researcher has gathered data from the secondary assets. Moreover, this incorporates the contextual investigation on Gold Coast, books identified with the research subject, sites, past documents and articles. Accordingly, this research study and its discoveries will equally help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the discoveries will accumulate data with respect to the open doors for Gold Coast that will broaden the appearance of the visitors in a productive way. In other words, the specific research work will contemplate alternate urban areas that are principally in view of travel and tourism reliance. Apart from that the discoveries of this research paper will help in viable application for the gathering of Gold Coast City by giving basic audit with respect to the reinforcing of ebb and flow projects and strategies of the Council on learning regions (Australia, 2006). This research study has been performed in view of the survey of the universal visitors who visit Australia. Besides that, this particular journal quarterly concludes the universal guest survey for the month of June 2013. Moreover, this Journal primarily demonstrates the reasons furthermore prescribes a couple ventures by actualizing which the entry of the global visitors in Australia has expanded. In other sense, this will similarly help the researcher to anticipate the pattern of tourism industry or quantities of visitors who will visit Gold Coast in future. In this manner, this specific article comprehends the explanations behind expanded quantities of visitors in Australia (Grand, S. and Jonas, W. 2012). According to the specific article, it has been found that the International Visitor Survey (IVS) speaks to the most comprehensive wellspring of data with respect to the global visitors to the nation Australia. In addition, The IVS tests of 35,000 withdraw transient global voyagers who are matured 18 years and increasingly and who have been going by Australia. On the other hand, these incorporate the Melbourne, Darwin, Brisbane, Perth, Cairns, Adelaide, Sydney and Gold Coast and includes the survey of global visitors and for this an altered example size has been chosen. The survey of the predefined research work has been performed by Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing in the flight sprawls of eight noteworthy global air terminals. On the premise of the survey, quantitative analysis of the gathered data to conduct a successful research. In this article, the specific researcher has settled on one and only research procedure and that is the survey analysis (Mann, T. 2005). Besides that, a research is considered as the viable method just if the technique contains research points and goals, research inquiries and data collection assets. Moreover, this survey methodology additionally helps the researcher to accumulate general perspectives of individuals. In addition, in a compelling research technique, a researcher may accumulate foundation data. In other words, the survey analysis procedure helps the researcher of the research study to accumulate quantitative data. Although, in this specific article, research inquiries are given and can analysis the gathered data to achieve a specific conclusion (Pei, J. 2013). The survey was comprised of 100 inquiries that were bolstered by 'show postcards' so as to guide the members of the survey to react to the answer in some particular zones. On the other hand, the researcher of the specific research work has led a survey. In addition, this survey the researcher has gathered different data and data with respect to the research point and these particular ranges incorporate rehash appearance, common spot of home, gathering visits, demographics, exercises, use, travel gathering, transportation and convenience, motivations behind visit. In terms of hotspots for accomplishing data in regards to Australia can be said that the data and data were gathered by directing a survey and these data were broke down by the researcher quantitatively. Accordingly, this research study and its discoveries will help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the discoveries will assemble data in regards to the main difficulties that Gold Coast faces. It will also suggest the progressions for enhancing the adequacy of the business in Gold Coast (Phillips, P. and Stawarski, C. 2008). According to the article, with the quick development of Gold Coast into a vacationer utilization city of a large portion of a million people and to enhance the way of life, economy and way of the city. In addition, the journal principally demonstrates the open doors for Gold Coast that will broaden the appearance of the visitors in a proficient way. In terms of approaches that emerge from the vision of Gold Coast City Council with respect to a sound city that advantages from learning based urban improvement. In addition, open doors in the advancement of the developing cosmopolitan city as a solid and information city. Although, this additionally analyzes the potential for the advancement of a system comprising of littler hubs with dynamic transport. Besides that, this research work for the most part highlights on bigger wellbeing and learning hubs alongside principle expressways. In this way, it can likewise be said that this research work gives a more coordinated (Svarcas, A. and Ca ss, B. 2008). These integrates the archives of the management preparations and approach that is identified with the economic improvement, group positioning, and constructed location, farming and human wellbeing. Moreover, this specific research work has been done on the premise of the narrative research of the secondary materials. Although this, the narrative research is supplemented by the longitudinal analysis. In this article, the specific researcher has settled on two vital research methodologies analysis of the writing audit and contextual analysis. In addition, research technique is considered as the powerful method just if the methodology contains research points and goals, research inquiries and data collection assets. Afterward, it can be said that research methodology is a general arrangement that helps the researcher to answer the research questions in a precise and orderly way. In addition, it can also be said that in a compelling research system, a researcher may accumulate foundation data and can examine the gathered data and data to achieve a specific conclusion (Gionis, A. 2013). This incorporates books identified with the research theme, sites, past diaries and articles. In this way, in this research work, qualitative analysis has been performed so as to dissect the assembled data. In the specific research concentrate on, the researcher has gathered data from the secondary data. This will also help the researcher to foresee the pattern of tourism industry or quantities of visitors who will visit Gold Coast in future. Thusly, this research study and its discoveries will likewise help the researcher in the proposed research work, as the discoveries will assemble data with respect to the foundations for expanded quantities of visitors in Australia. In addition, the specific article will comprehend the statistical data points and on the premise of these the proposed research should be possible effectively. The significance of executing different research methodologies in view of various angles can likewise be considered as an accommodating component for the researcher to finish the proposed research study. Moreover, the methodology for directing survey furthermore to collect data and data through secondary assets can likewise be better comprehended from the above articles. Additionally, the different methods of data collection will likewise give the researcher distinctive suppositions with a specific end goal to direct the specific proposed research concentrate effectively. However, it can be presumed that each of the three articles gives different data, data, raw numbers will help the researcher to play out the proposed research work. Commonwealth Games, 2016. Gold Coast 2018 I 4 - 15 April 2018. [Online] Available at: https://www.commonwealthgames.com.au/page/39/2018-gold-coast-games [Accessed 27 July 2016]. Fink, A., 2012. How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide: A Step-by-Step Guide. United Kingdom: SAGE. Norris, G., 2016. Commonwealth Games set to boost tourist strip. [Online] Available at: https://www.couriermail.com.au/business/commonwealth-games-set-to-boost-tourist-strip/news-story/b3c8d65d69bdd34065b16323532f2072 [Accessed 27 July 2016]. Silverman, D., 2015. Interpreting Qualitative Data. United Kingdom : SAGE. Wetcher-Hendricks, D., 2014. Analyzing Quantitative Data: An Introduction for Social Researchers. United Kingdom : John Wiley and Sons. Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a Data Collection Method: A Critical Review.  ELR, 3(1). Gionis, A. (2013). Data Analysis.  Data Science Journal, 12(0), pp.GRDI13-GRDI18. Masny, D. (2016). Problematizing Qualitative Research: Reading a Data Assemblage With Rhizoanalysis.  Qualitative Inquiry. Australia. (2006). Madrid: World Tourism Organization. Brasch, N. (2005).  The Commonwealth. Port Melbourne, Vic: Heinemann Library. Grand, S. and Jonas, W. (2012).  Mapping design research. Basel: BirkhaÃÅ'ˆuser. Mann, T. (2005).  The Oxford guide to library research. New York: Oxford University Press. Pei, J. (2013).  Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Berlin: Springer. Peile, E. (2010). Multi-method research; Multi-source feedback: pauci-impact data.  Education for Primary Care, 21(3), pp.139-140. Phillips, P. and Stawarski, C. (2008).  Data collection. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Svarcas, A. and Cass, B. (2008).  Tourism Australia. Canberra, A.C.T.: Australian National Audit Office.