Power Relations An Overview Essay - 1562 Words

Power Relations: An Overview Michel Foucault analyzed the relationship between types of power and its relation to creating a subject—a person. He gives an analysis with mention of the modern state and pastoral power. The modern state exerts its influence on society causing subjection of individuals based on the preferences of a certain group of people within society (ed. Rabinow and Rose 2003). In relation to sex education, we can attribute this subjectivity to macro-level factors such as legislature passed by Congress and religious influence, societal level factors—age and gender and access to contraception, and familial factors—relationship between parents and children. Legislature Several studies have shown an overwhelming amount of support for comprehensive sex education compared to abstinence-only education (Herrman et al. 2013; Bourke 2014). Despite the conclusions drawn in these studies, Congress have passed legislature to promote abstinence-only education in public schools in order for the schools to receive federal funding (Elders 2008; Rose 2005). Some states do not allow these sex education classes to emphasize contraception or even provide information on the topic (Rose 2005). The number of public schools with a sex education component in their curriculum has been declining over the recent years. It is believed that parents should be given more of an opportunity to decide when and how to approach the subject with their children (Jones and Boonstra 2004;Show MoreRelatedEssay about Strategic Analysis: New York Fries1147 Words   |  5 Pagesindustry – based on what factors? (Porter’s) High Competitive Overview 1. How many companies in the industry? Many but are majority are small companies 2. What market share does each company have? Not shown 3. What are the different inputs used and how do they contribute to differentiating products? Different types of French fries and poutine 4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of each competitor? (Worksheet 5) Customer Overview (Worksheet 6) QUANTITATIVE AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS – Part 6Read MoreTeamwork Report862 Words   |  4 PagesStarbucks’ teamwork practices. In the first stage, the overview background of Starbucks will be introduced. Secondly, the viewpoints of Starbucks and the strategies, which are used by the company to make their teamwork performance well, are going to discuss. Next, the effectiveness of Starbucks teamwork strategy will be point out. In the end, there is a conclusion about the effect of policies in motivation and teamwork. âž ¢ Table of Contents Overview of Starbucks Corporation 2 Starbucks’ viewpointsRead MorePolitical Sociology Reading List And Rationale855 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical sociology. My subfields consist of (1) the overview of political sociology, (2) Islam and Muslim politics, (3) Islam and modernity debates (4) multiple modernities, and (5) religion and immigration: Islam and Muslim in the western societies. These subsections will be particularly useful for me because my research project is developing within political sociology, Islam and politics and multiple modernity perspectives. The section of overview of political sociology will provide me to become familiarRead MoreGlobal Economic Expansion Of Indonesia1536 Words   |  7 Pagesforefront to becoming a region that will power global economic expansion in the future. Indonesia’s first President, Sukarno, was a highly respected for his pivotal role in Indonesia’s fight for independence, but his consolidation of political power and old way quickly swayed the people’s support, and forced his resignation. In the years following an unruly parliamentary democracy, General of the Army’s Strategic Reserves, General Suharto began to take the reins of power in his own hand. Suharto was appointedRead MoreApplying An Undergraduate Degree At A Respected University1484 Words   |  6 PagesI aspire to be a lawyer in order to defend the accused with the power of law and ensure justice. In order to achieve my goal, I must complete an undergraduate degree at a respected university, complete the Law School Admission Test with successful results, attend an established law school, and complete the Barrister and Solicitation exams. The core tasks of a lawyer include advising a client on their rights and representation in the court, constructing legal documents, and specializing in differentRead MoreThe Political Control Over The World War II931 Words   |  4 Pagesa big territory is not meaning of power, and that in fact, it has more influence in the world than most of the biggest countries. Why is it a powerful country? I will consider power as the ability to keep the relations between States and the capacity of persuade others in order to achieve the own country goals. It means the idea of having the political control over the international sphere. Taking decisions is an important factor when we want to talk about power; they are the ignition point whichRead MoreHistory Of Indonesias First President1464 Words   |  6 PagesPresident, Sukarno, was a highly respected for his pivotal role in Indonesia’s fight for independence, but his consolidation of political power and old way quickly swayed the people’s support, and forced his resignation. In the years following an unruly parliamentary democracy, General of the Army’s Strategic Reserves, General Suharto began to take the reins of power in his own hand. Suharto was appointed president from 1967 until 1998 and ruled Indonesia with his New Order government. He was wellRead MoreChin The European Union And The People s Republic Of China871 Words   |  4 PagesThis year, 2015, the European Union and the People s Republic of China celebrated their 40 years anniversary of diplomatic relations between one another. During these years, they have redefined their relationship, they have deepened their mutual understanding and today they share what both sides call a â€Å"strategic partnership†. However, during all these four decades, this profound relationship has experienced ma ny difficulties and challenges, until the last two decades, which have marked a new eraRead MoreChin Culture, Economic, Political, Military Perspective1060 Words   |  5 Pagesonly five official religions, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism, and Protestantism. The Chinese constitution states that the people are allowed freedom of religion according to Council of Foreign Relations, but any religions other than the previously stated are illegal (Council on Foreign Relations). Along with the many different religion practices, there are different dialects in the Nation of China. A study conducted by Mounty Holyoke College, there are seven major dialects of the Chinese languageRead MoreThe Current Open Economy Of America Essay1490 Words   |  6 Pageshow power relations as it pertains to government, influence the growth of the renewable energy industry in Australia and America. Overview of the Renewable Energy Industry in Australia The Clean Energy Council (2013), in a report on clean energy in Australia, reported that in 2013, renewable energy accounted for over 14% of Australia’s total power. Consequently, as the Clean Energy Council (2013) continues to state, more than 4.4 million households received utilized renewable energy power sources

Essay about Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft - 1123 Words

Is Hamlet Mad or Mad in Craft? Madness is defined as the state of being mentally ill or having extremely foolish behavior. It is a condition in which is difficult to identify whether it is true or not. In William Shakespeares masterpiece, Hamlet, there is confusion as to whether or not his madness is real. The ghost of his father asks Hamlet to avenge his death. While he tries to accomplish this, he puts on an antic disposition. The antic disposition reoccurs throughout the play, but is merely an act. Hamlet is mad in craft because he admits that he is not mad several times, he behaves irrational only in front of certain individuals, and he has many feigned actions. From the very start, the ghost of Hamlet’s father tells him that†¦show more content†¦He acts irrational only when he is around certain individuals. He acts irrational around Polonius, Claudius, Gertrude Rosencrantz, Guildenstern and Ophelia but remains calm and rational around Horatio, Marcellus, and the players. A big part of the play is when Hamlet lashes out at Ophelia and convinces her he has actually gone mad. â€Å"With a look so piteous in purport as if he had been loosed out of hell to speak of horrors...Then he let out a sigh so piteous and profound as it did seem to shatter all his bulk and end his being† (2.1.84-97). This single action brings tremendous tension and makes Polonius immediately believe that Hamlet has gone mad because of his love for his daughter. On the other hand, Hamlet can be rational just as much as a sane person. Give him heedful note, for I mine eyes will rivet his face, and, after, we will both our judgments join in censure of his seeming† (3.2.83-86). Hamlet tells Horatio to watch Claudius during the play to see if he acts guilty. The fact that he thought this out in such an organized and clear way makes it hard to believe that he is mad because a madman would never be able to think like that. Hamlet also knows how to act properly around the players. An example of this is when he asks, You could, for a need, study a speech of some dozen or sixteen lines, which I would set down and insert in t, could you not?† (2.2.540-542). This question is understandable andShow MoreRelatedMadness; Real or Fake?747 Words   |  3 Pagesfamous philosopher Aristotle. There have been times in history where madness has been faked, and many times the mad person was caught, but, it is also not impossible to fake madness. This is shown in the tragic history of Hamlet written by William Shakespeare, where the title character’s madness is definitely faked. Hamlet is a genius who uses madness to develop his id ea of revenge. Hamlet has admitted to faking it, not once, but twice. He also has control over his madness, being able to switch fromRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare656 Words   |  3 Pageswrote Hamlet. The play is divided into six acts and is set in medieval Denmark. It is about Hamlet’s revenge on his uncle, Claudius, for murdering his father. Hamlet is widely considered one of Shakespeare’s greatest achievements; hundreds of theories have been spawned over the past four centuries. However, one of the most interesting aspects is the psychology behind it. There is plenty of psychological depth behind Hamlet’s madness. One could easily argue that Hamlet isn’t actually mad. HamletRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1039 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is a play that will forever be recognized as a staple piece in classic literature. The play was focused around Hamlet, a man betray ed by his Uncle. Hamlets father, who was the King of Denmark passed away and his Uncle (father s brother) took his place. There is a notorious argument among the readers of this tragedy of whether or not Hamlet actually became insane after his fathers death or was just bluffing. Hamlet was not crazy. No one wouldRead MoreEssay on Hamlets Antic Disposition1487 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares famous tragedy Hamlet, the main character of the story is one majestically elaborated, aside from being quite complex. There are infinite volumes written about this character because Shakespeare leaves no firm proof of many of his character traits. Yet on Hamlets antic disposition, meaning his obviously absurd temperament or madness, Shakespeare leaves plenty of reason to believe that it is feigned, meaning that it is simply a ploy to help Hamlet carry out his plans for revengeRead MoreMadness In Hamlet Essay869 Words   |  4 Pagesneed of an intervention. In Shakespeares Hamlet, th e main character, Hamlet, decides to fake his own derangement in order to prove his uncle Claudius guilty of the murder of his brother, King Hamlet. To avoid anyone discovering him, he maintains his crazy act in front of his own love interest, Ophelia, perplexing her to the point of lunacy. One of the main contributors to Ophelia’s authentic madness is Hamlet’s pretense of insanity, leading to both Hamlet and Ophelia’s ultimate defeat. From theRead More The Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mood Swings of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has mood swings as his mood changes openly throughout the play. Towards certain people he acts certain ways. Hamlet appears to act mad when he hears of his fathers murder. No one knows if his madness is a show like he says or real like it seems. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in the play. One that is sensitive and an ideal prince and the insane uncivilized Hamlet, who from an outburst of passion and rage slays Polonius withRead MoreHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet 1174 Words   |  5 Pagesown child. 2. Hamlet s behavior is likely part of his plan to put an antic character on. He knows that by acting crazy around someone who knows him well, he will be able to establish his act. In her report of his behavior she explains that everything about Hamlet s behavior was completely different from his normal self. First of all, he never actually spoke a word, but instead just looked at her in a kind odd, intense way. He holds her hard and shakes her a little bit. Hamlet was disorderedRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 918 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet In the play Hamlet is about Prince Hamlet, The son of the deceased king and widowed queen Gertrude is told by the ghost his late father that his brother Claudius, now king and married to the Queen killed him. Prince Hamlet’s statement, â€Å"Frailty, thy woman† made is because he believes women are weak creatures. He is specifically very mad at his mother for marrying his uncle within a few months of his father death. Hamlet referring to women as being frailRead MoreThe Pretended Madness of Hamlet in Hamlet Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the main character Hamlet is believed to have gone insane after the death of his father. There is much evidence in the play that causes one to believe that Hamlet is in fact crazy. However, there are also indications to the contrary, Hamlet only feigns madness for the purpose of carrying out his mission. He rehearses his pretend madness first with Ophelia for even if he fails to convince her , th at failure would not cause him any harm. The language he uses is clearly

The Beach Free Essays

Amanda Matya The Beach The bright sun emerges up over the water, like a giant lollipop coming out over the horizon. The sky fills with its fierce pink and orange glow. A strong gust of wind blows past me, warms my face and the fresh scent of the salty ocean water makes its way through my nostrils as I take a deep breath taking it all in. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beach or any similar topic only for you Order Now The warmth of the sun covers my whole body like a blanket. You can hear the faint sounds of seagulls in the distance out searching for their morning breakfast. I can tell this day is already going to be beautiful. As I walk along the beach, the grainy sand sinks beneath my feet, in between my toes and then covering my toes with sand with every step. I can feel the half crushed seashells under my feet. As I get closer to the water the sand becomes a moist damper substance almost like walking on a wet sponge. The water is warm on my feet as the tide flows in a slow repetitive motion up and down the sea shell covered beach. The waves rippling against the shore remind me of a couple making love so passionately. This is my favorite place to be. Beach shop owners opening their shops and early morning joggers start to accumulate at the beginning of their day. Early morning boaters are spotted on the horizon. Some days you can even see cruise ships sailing past. Soon there will be happy little kids running around with their yellow and red pails and shovels. Making sandcastles and motes, running around chasing each other, with their sunscreen covered bodies, trying to catch fish and other sea animals. Parents under their big beach umbrellas catching the mid-day sun rays. There are groups of young kids playing volleyball, and guys playing catch. Everywhere there are lots of laughter and amusement. This is the place where I feel most free. It’s so peaceful to lie on the beach with a long beach towel, a sweet cool drink and a good romantic book, it is very easy to lose yourself into complete paradise. Have good laughs with friends and enjoy a beautiful amazing day on the beach. When on the beach for some reason gives you a feeling of being calm and relaxed. It is a beautiful equation where the water meets land. If I could spend every day on the beach I would. Only one word of advice remember to always wear sunscreen! How to cite The Beach, Papers

Managerial Decision Making Process

Questions: Describe a specific decision making scenario, one general scenario (applied to each concept), or anything in between. For each concept, explain (1) How bias is recognised or identified in the scenario, (2) Methods by which bias may be measured or evaluated in the scenario, (3) Strategies to address, ameliorate or overcome bias in the scenario, (4) How this process may improve decision outcomes in the scenario. Answers: Introduction During 2003, a renowned author was involved in a project where exception reports were developed. It was indulged to provide the performance management information for a government department. Information system and the data analysis software play an significant position in the definition of exceptions and the development of the report (Dale, 2015). Exception report in an EIS could make an undue attention for the outliers. The bias is also refereed as regression effect. It does not acknowledge the law o the regression. An investigation was undertaken so see if the bias of regression is present on the project. The wider broad decision-making implications were associated for the other biases which consequences from the use of exception report. The project on the performance analysis was done for the government project with includes 500 government offices and 10,000 people involved (Dale, 2015). The sources of information were collected through the team meetings and the informal discussions among members. It includes two managers who are also the decision makes. Three different databases were available to analyze the performance and the exception report. The first database consists of the inspection report. However, the second dataset consists of the office productivity information, which was available for the third party player of the offices. The third set consists of the information to measure the performance of the office, which includes the best and the worst (Dale, 2015). The identification of bias The comparison of the three databases lists the beat and the worst offices. The analysis shows that in some cases some offices, which appears as worst from the inspection, report changes to best in the third party dataset. It became the major concern for the team members involved with it. However, it is possible for the people to gather the knowledge on the offices to explain the differences. It is possible for the office to perform well in a particular database and bad on the other. But, the threat which arises because of it is the acceptance of good or bad for any offices in its true reflection of reality. Again, it also gives arise of the danger for analyze the data without the taking of the cognizance of the office and its limitations (Hilbert, 2012). The given study gives a view that misconception of regression can be regarded as the bias associated with it. It implies that outliers are not the representatives of the dataset while people might assume them to be. The identification of the possible on the performance management is need t investigated with reference to the identified bias. It is associated with regression bias with the heuristics of representatives. The biases, which are associated with the representatives, imply the incorrect use or the explanation of the numerical data. A representativeness bias can occur if the report can be regard as more representatives then they actually showed (Bouyssou et al., 2013). Again the case study gives the fact that the report is biased towards the data which could be easily available. On the other hand in this case the data is unrepresentative so the bias of the availability is another form of the bias of the representatives (Scott Davis, 2015). Methods of measurement of bias The case represents the unrepresentative bias, the evaluation for the same could be made through the selection bias. The selection bias here covers the Undercoverage of the representative. It Represents that some members are inadequately represent n the sample. Undercoverage becomes the main problem in regards to convenience sample. Again the case study further explains that the poor measure process leads to the bias. It shows the fact that the difference of the report that might be because of the questions that were asked. It could also lead to crate the scenario because of the respondent (Johnson et al., 2013) Respondent Bias is the result of the bias which arises in the measurement problem. I the case study it is observed that the wording of the question lead to unduly factor on own response on another. The two survey conducted enable the respondent to express dissatisfaction. It results in the expression of biasness related with the survey question against the dissatisfying response. Again response bias shows that the case also makes presence of social desirability. The respondent would be there who would like to present themselves in front of favorable lights. So, they could easily develop into unsavory attitudes or the illegal activities. The response of those respondent could be biased towards socially desirable (Dale, 2015). The survey produces the sample, which is statistic, which is use to the estimation of parameter for population. Now the case study represented same sample with repeated survey which enabled to give a different sample statistic against each imitation. It shows that the statistic is bias. The variability of the statistic from different sample enables to produce sampling error. Enhancement of the sample size does not affect the survey bias. A large sample size as consisted here does not correct the problems related with methodologies (Johnson et al., 2013). Strategies to overcome from the bias The scenario represents the fact that the reduction of biases and produce high quality does not improve the rationality of the decision making process. Analysts need to acknowledge the existence of the decision-making mode. Like organizational and the political mode are opposed with the model of idealized rationality. Analyst need to communicate the result in more clear way. They need to reduce the misinterpretation and the false impression attached with it. It needs to take proper strategy, as people do not value the limitations of the data analysis (Huber et al., 2012). The case study also shows two managers who are also the decision takes. They were insufficient to involve with any comprehensive decision at that time. The managers responsibility is to take significant strategic plans for the scenario. Now the managers need to take support from the team members. Here we see neither the mangers nor the team members did take any initiatives for it. Risk management field need to become mandatory so to curb the challenges as well as the assumption from the scenario (Bouyssou et al., 2013). Figure showing Decision bias and its Distortion Source: (Johnson et al., 2013) Figure shows the importance of minimize the impact of the bias. The adoption need to contribute towards the risk management scenario. To address the biases mentioned in the above diagram the challenge must consist of decision-making process. Heuristics are the rules of the thumb, which is used to simplify the process of decision-making. The heuristics result to initiate god decisions. It initiates the loss in the quality decisions with outweigh of save time. Evaluation Metrics need to use in this regards. It is one the most effective way as it is easier to access the relevant information. It is also faster and the most effective way for the identification of the problem. It can be assessed easily with tools and models. It enables to initiate larger set of the alternatives. The metric also act efficiently in the reduction of the decisions cost. It also reduces the decision time in the detailed analysis. It enables to produce better quality of feedback (Johnson et al., 2013). Improvement in the outcomes of decision The policy would enable to improve the condition of the outcomes of the decisions. The process would enable to increase the productivity in organization. Heuristic enable to promote a convenient way for the solution solving as imperfect information. The understanding of the efficient and the predictable removal of bias would initiate to the field of judgment and the decision making process. The decisions range from a small to the important one. Effective decisions would enable to become the greatest determinant of the success of the business. The decision- makers countenance the uncertainties and contain the unfinished knowledge. The idea of bounded rationality in the decision-making process curb the limitations attached with the case study. It would enable them to use the judgmental heuristics when the uncertainty, complexity and the constraint of time would prohibit from the best in decision-making (Huber et al., 2012). Conclusion The analysis of the case study showed the ability for the introduction of the new bias and its reinforcement. The managers need to be more active to take decisions in such situation. The bias of regression contributes with the analysis and the report of the data. Other than regression it has been identified in the case study like bias on the representativeness. It makes the impact of the success in the decision making process in the department more concerned. The discussion further made emphasis on the real-life context for the development of the strategies on decision making. Some of the challenges, which are discussed, are the data error and the data availability. The challenges are many. It overshadows the effect of bias related with the probability theory. The scenario sets example on the examination of the bias in real situations rather than in the laboratories. Reference list: Huber, G. A., Hill, S. J., Lenz, G. S. (2012). Sources of bias in retrospective decision making: Experimental evidence on voters limitations in controlling incumbents.American Political Science Review,106(04), 720-741. Johnson, D. D., Blumstein, D. T., Fowler, J. H., Haselton, M. G. (2013). The evolution of error: Error management, cognitive constraints, and adaptive decision-making biases.Trends in ecology evolution,28(8), 474-481. Marwala, T. (2013). Semi-bounded Rationality: A model for decision making.arXiv preprint arXiv:1305.6037. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge.

Will computers replace books in the future free essay sample

Will computers replace books in the future? Computers have changed the face of the world. Now reading has even become a big deal on the Internet and e-books are now available all over the web. Then here comes the question†will computers replace books In the future? Lets have a look. Its green. No trees have to be cut down to print an e-book. Its all done electronically and through devices that most people own. Saving thousands of trees Is a great thing. Possible lower cost. If people begin to switch from paper-printed books to electronic ones, the cost of electronic books could e lower than traditional printing. Thats because far less people have to be involved in the process. Once it is published electronically, the people that work in the printing wont be included in the cost of the book. Less comfort. Many people like to get away from the computer for a while and curl up to a nice book. We will write a custom essay sample on Will computers replace books in the future? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also important to remember that some people have a much harder time reading electronic items than traditional paper ones. Therefore, it seems inevitable for computers to take over the book industry, but Its unlikely In the near future. There has been a lot of talk lately concerning the possibility of computers replacing the position of books In our life. I believe It Is truly possible. Many years ago, people used books for everything related to education. In fact, the humans best source of knowledge and education was the book. But computers have gained popularity In a very short amount of time and everyone at least has one somewhere around their house. We have the need to use computers for everything. All we have to do is give the computer instructions and it does all the hard work for us. I am going to discuss the benefits that computer has to offer to its users. Firstly, computers are much better than books because a modern computer can hold a billion times more information than the average 400-800-page book. If you want to do a research about anything, it would take you at least an hour Just to find the right book but by using a computer, you can find the same information In less than 5 minutes. Many people including me use the Internet as a dictionary, finding definitions, so this way only takes the time to type the word. A laptop computer equal to the size and weight of a book holds data about any topic you can think of. A book only covers a speclflc topic. A computer can hold much more types of data than a book. When you carry one computer, you are carrying a hundred thousand books. Secondly, everyone would agree that an e-books cost much less to produce and less to buy than an actual paper books. The information in a digital format can be shared easily by email or by copying the files onto someone elses computer or simply by transferring it into your USB drive. It is also easier to edit the information. This makes it overall more convenient for students who might not be able to afford one copy of a book each and who dont want to make notes and underline points. Will computers replace books in the future? By Jinggang0454 books in the future? Lets have a look. Its green. No trees have to be cut down to Saving thousands of trees is a great thing. Possible lower cost. If people begin to get away from the computer for a while and curl up toa nice book. It is also computers to take over the book industry, but its unlikely in the near future. There position of books in our life. I believe it is truly possible. Many years ago, people used knowledge and education was the book. But computers have gained popularity in a computer, you can find the same information in less than 5 minutes. Many people including me use the internet as a dictionary, finding definitions, so this way only book holds data about any topic you can think of. A book only covers a specific topic.

Free Essays on Morality

, if there are no human beings, then there can be no values (Thiroux 14). Each theory presented above also has criticisms in opposition of their ideas. In regards to the Supernatural Theory, it is a belief, based on faith, because there is no conclusive proof of the existence of a supernatural being (Thiroux 14). The Natural Law Theory refers to natural moral laws. These so-called natural laws are descriptive and there is no evidence that any natural moral laws that prescribes how beings in nature should or ought to behave or not behave exists. The subjective view believes there is no value in nature outside of human beings. This point of view is rather pretentious. Whether or not... Free Essays on Morality Free Essays on Morality Morality Morality. It has been questioned by people, honored by people and revered since the beginning of time. Yet even today not one person can say what is morally right. It is a matter of opinion. It was Dr. Victor Frankenstein’s opinion that it was alright to create a "monster". Frankenstein’s creation needed a companion. Knowing that his first creation was evil should the doctor make a second? With the knowledge at hand, to Dr. Frankenstein, it is not at all morally correct to bring another monster into the world. Looking at this problem with his family in mind, the doctor begins his work on the second monster. The first monster threatened Frankenstein and even his family. The monster angrily said to Frankenstein, "I can make you so wretched." (pg. 162) Trying to scare Frankenstein for not creating his mate the monster resorted to threats. If the good doctor does create a companion for his first creation he may be endangering others. "The miserable monster whom I had created," (pg.152) says Victor upon looking back at his work. If there is another monster there will be twice the power and possibly twice the evil, which could hurt or kill his family. When and if Frankenstein commits the moral sin of creating another monster he may be rid of both monsters forever. "With the companion you bestow I will quit the neighborhood of man,"(pg 142) promises the morally corrupt monster to the doctor upon the completion of his partner. When the doctor, if and when he, finished his first creation’s m ! ate there is a chance that the monsters will not keep their promise and stay in Europe evoking fear into townsfolk. The good doctor, trying to act morally, destroys the monster for the good of the world. The monsters can potentially take over whatever they please. "A race of devils would be propagated,"(pg. 163) thinks Frankenstein to himself in his study. The monsters, if powerful enough, could possibly take over Europe. Frankenstein... Free Essays on Morality Morality is a subjective topic that is solely based on each individuals perception. First let me explain what morality is. Morality is the concept that beliefs and actions are either good and right or bad and wrong. People are considered to be moral or immoral depending on where their beliefs fall into the overall spectrum of morality. Most people tend to fall into the middle of the spectrum, meaning they know the difference between right and wrong but may not always follow it. The origin of morality is a controversial topic that has been debated for centuries. One idea is the Supernatural Theory. This is the belief that values come from some higher or supernatural being, beings, or principle, such as God and His Sons. These beings or principles embody the highest good themselves, and they reveal to human beings what is right or good and what is bad or wrong (Thiroux 13). The other theory is the Natural Law Theory. This is the belief that morality somehow is embodied in nature, and that there are â€Å"natural laws† that human beings must adhere to if they are to be moral (Thiroux 13). One opposition to both theories is the belief that values are totally subjective. That means that morality stems from within human beings. In other words, if there are no human beings, then there can be no values (Thiroux 14). Each theory presented above also has criticisms in opposition of their ideas. In regards to the Supernatural Theory, it is a belief, based on faith, because there is no conclusive proof of the existence of a supernatural being (Thiroux 14). The Natural Law Theory refers to natural moral laws. These so-called natural laws are descriptive and there is no evidence that any natural moral laws that prescribes how beings in nature should or ought to behave or not behave exists. The subjective view believes there is no value in nature outside of human beings. This point of view is rather pretentious. Whether or not...

Charlie and the Choclate Factory

Despite the fact these were produced 34 years apart, there are many striking similarities. Of course, there are also many differences, which a viewer would expect in films that were done so far apart. Although these films were done three decades apart, the formula of the fantasy genre has not changed much over the course of the decades. The most obvious similarity in the genre is the general audience who will view these movies. The general theory of the fantasy genre is to create an imaginary world, which viewers can get immersed in to give them a break from reality. In this regard, both films succeeded wonderfully. On the flip side, the major difference in the genre is the scope of the imaginary world that can be created. In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, the filmmakers were limited by having to create their imaginary world in a real world space. In 1971, filmmakers didn’t have the ability to create an unlimited virtual world like modern day fantasy filmmakers have, so the grandeur of the world that can be created now is very different. While the formula of the fantasy genre hasn’t changed a great deal, the social context of the time periods these films were made in has. For example, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory puts a greater emphasis on the disparity between social classes, which was a major aspect of the 1970’s. The movie also focuses on proper behavior, being appreciative of what you have, acceptable societal behavior, and morals. In comparison, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was created during a time period when society places more emphasis on entertainment value in movies, instead of using them as a tool to express and teach acceptable societal behaviors. The remake also doesn’t focus as heavily on the difference between social classes, as the social classes have been blurred in today’s society, and aren’t as well defined as they were in the 1970’s. Oftentimes, remakes deviate from what was done in the original movie. This is done for many reasons, but may actually hurt the remake. That is not the case with the editing style of these films, as the editing style of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory had a significant impact on the editing style of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The editing style and importance of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, directed by Mel Stuart, made it become one of the mo Read Full Essay Join Now! Get instant access to over 50,000 Papers and Essays Join OtherPapers. com Similar Essays Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Rogers Chocolates Case Study (Internal/External Analysis) The House Of Spirits And Like Water For Chocolate, Respectively. Loss Of Innocence And The Corruption Of Man Are A Couple Of The Most Significant Themes Found In Both Books. These Themes Are Shown In The Characters Of The Book After What Really Makes Factories Flexible? Ethels Chocolate Lounge Chocolate Truffles I Like Chocolate Milk Rogers Chocolate Chocolate Case Testing To Find How Much Protein Is In 1% Chocolate Milk Versus 2% White Milk SWOT Analysis For Custom Coffee Chocolate Chocolate Case Factory Farming And Diabetes Like Water For Chocolate Analysis Donate paper | Join now! | Login | Support  © 2010 — 2011 OtherPapers. com OtherPapers. com High-quality Essays, Term Papers and Research Papers Access over 50. 000 Essays and Papers Get Better Grades! Sign up for your FREE account. There are ABSOLUTELY no membership fees at OtherPapers. om. For our free membership, please upload one paper to the site. Your account will be activated immediately! Prepare Your Document Title: Category: Select One American HistoryBiographiesBusinessEnglishHistory OtherLiteratureMiscellaneousMusic and MoviesPhilosophyPsychologyReligionScienceSocial IssuesTechnology Copy paste paper: Use this method if youd prefer to copy and paste your paper into a form . Join now! Login Support Other Term Papers and Free Essays Browse Papers Music and Movies / Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory Research Paper Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Vs. Willy Wonka And The Chocolate Factory and over other 20 000+ free term papers, essays and research papers examples are available on the website! Autor: people 30 June 2012 Tags: Words: 1820 | Pages: 8 Views: 57 Read Full Essay Join Now! Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005) is a remake of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (1971). Despite the fact these were produced 34 years apart, there are many striking similarities. Of course, there are also many differences, which a viewer would expect in films that were done so far apart. Although these films were done three decades apart, the formula of the fantasy genre has not changed much over the course of the decades. The most obvious similarity in the genre is the general audience who will view these movies. The general theory of the fantasy genre is to create an imaginary world, which viewers can get immersed in to give them a break from reality. In this regard, both films succeeded wonderfully. On the flip side, the major difference in the genre is the scope of the imaginary world that can be created. In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, the filmmakers were limited by having to create their imaginary world in a real world space. In 1971, filmmakers didn’t have the ability to create an unlimited virtual world like modern day fantasy filmmakers have, so the grandeur of the world that can be created now is very different. While the formula of the fantasy genre hasn’t changed a great deal, the social context of the time periods these films were made in has. For example, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory puts a greater emphasis on the disparity between social classes, which was a major aspect of the 1970’s. The movie also focuses on proper behavior, being appreciative of what you have, acceptable societal behavior, and morals. In comparison, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory was created during a time period when society places more emphasis on entertainment value in movies, instead of using them as a tool to express and teach acceptable societal behaviors. The remake also doesn’t focus as heavily on the difference between social classes, as the social classes have been blurred in today’s society, and aren’t as well defined as they were in the 1970’s. Oftentimes, remakes deviate from what was done in the original movie. This is done for many reasons, but may actually hurt the remake. That is not the case with the editing style of these films, as the editing style of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory had a significant impact on the editing style of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. The editing style and importance of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, directed by Mel Stuart, made it become one of the mo Read Full Essay Join Now! Get instant access to over 50,000 Papers and Essays Join OtherPapers. com Similar Essays Charlie And The Chocolate Factory Rogers Chocolates Case Study (Internal/External Analysis)

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Paraphrasing - Essay Example In the 14th-century, learning was characterized by education reforms which were accredited to Petrarch. For instance, learning was based on classical sources, linear perspective and other practices such as developing a natural touch to painting. â€Å"The Renaissance,† presented substantial changes in artistic and education in Italy. It led to the transformation of the culture of northern Italy. The changes can be traced back from the late fourteenth to the early sixteenth centuries. Some changes in culture and artistic aspects also influence the rest of Europe a great deal. The term â€Å"re-birth† has often been used literally to mean that the cultural accomplishment of antiquity which had been celebrated before was no longer appreciated, and therefore, it needed to be â€Å"re-born†. However, there has been a significant difference between the ancient texts written during the first one thousand years following the fragmentation of Rome and texts written during the fourteenth and ï ¬ fteenth centuries. Major works such as Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero were majorly studied before new works were discovered such as those written by Livy, Tacitus, and Lucretius. The new discoveries complemented and expanded the ancient Greek literature. There was increased contact of the western Europeans with the Islam from the Arabic translation of original Greek via Latin translations. Through such contact, Europeans acquired a lot of Greek’s philosophical and scientific works. However, only a limited number of Europeans were able to read classical Greek. This number increased as many Greek-speaking people fled to Italy following pressure from the Mongols and the Ottoman Turks. Consequently, they spread their knowledge. This new culture become highly commercialized ad materialistic with artifacts of the ancient Rome being used as pawns in the unlimited power games. During renaissance, the papacy was not left behind in the

Explain Internet and distributed application services Essay

Explain Internet and distributed application services - Essay Example Different forms of clusters exist and each has its failures, and advantages that paper intends to examine. Introduction The term cluster is used in the computer technology to refer to a group of loosely coupled computers that are configured to work as a unit. Every node often operates as a complete unit as opposed to the operations of a tightly coupled multiprocessing system. Clustered computers usually have independent CPU, I/O, and memory (Englander, 2003). Clustered computers may constitute multiple processing systems. A computer in a cluster refers to a node (Englander, 2003). The main aim of clustering computers is to make the users to see them as single machines, which they are not in the actual sense. There are the main reasons for clustering computers; however, each reason has its challenges and better share of benefits. The main advantages of clustering include increasing the computing power of computers by combining the individual power of each computer. Notably, a computer has the power to process data independently (Englander, 2003). ... Fundamentally, clustering is a significant practice in computer technology since it is a sure way of increasing or designing highly performing computer systems. The processing problem including parallel processing units can be solved by breaking the problem into subtasks and then distributing them to different or parallel processing units among the nodes thereby solving the problem in parallel (Englander, 2003). Clustering also intends to create fault tolerant systems because each computer with the cluster is able to operate alone without the assistance from other computers within the cluster (Englander, 2003). Therefore, a node failure will not lead to standstill operational since the entire cluster will not be closed. The software controlling the entire cluster is capable of switching processes to other nodes within the cluster in a process referred to failover. Therefore, failures of certain nodes, the failed nodes’ processes can be switched to other functional nodes within the system; this switching will facilitate the continuation of processes that were running on the failed node or computer (Englander, 2003). Nonetheless, a cluster that has never experienced any form of failure can be designed and this is often advantageous for systems that process critical applications. Clusters are also vital in creating high available systems where computers within the cluster can be distributed geographically over a wide area (Englander, 2003). Therefore, users can access the closest computer system with the cluster. In most cases, this phenomenon creates a natural balancing of loads among different or series of computer nodes

The Fall of the House of Usher Essay Example for Free

The Fall of the House of Usher Essay The narrator is a very altruistic character in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†. He sincerely cares about Rodrick, even though his friend is slightly mentally insane, which creates a very complex relationship between the souls. Although the narrator initially intends to save Roderick from his own demise, he was forced to reject Rodrick as Mr. Usher was the source of his own torment. The narrator originally earnestly desires to go to Rodrick’s house. In the text, the narrator talks of Rodrick as having â€Å"an earnest desire to see me, as his best, and indeed his only personal friend, with a view of attempting, by the cheerfulness of my society, some alleviation of his malady † (Poe 1). The narrator uses the words â€Å"desire†, â€Å"cheerfulness†, and â€Å"friend† to describe how Rodrick contacts him. The word choice that the narrator uses can be grouped together as â€Å"happy† words, just like in a usual relationship. The happiness proves that the narrator still believes that him and Rodrick are friends, even though he has not met Rodrick in years and that he wants to save Mr. Usher from his own demise. However, Rodrick quickly forces the narrator to lose his aura of happiness. Rodrick unnerves the narrator throughout the text to the point where the narrator gave up on Rodrick, which is apparent through the use of disheartening words. In the text, the narrator describes Rodrick as having â€Å"A cadaverousness of complexion ; an eye large, liquid, and luminous beyond comparison (Poe 2). The usage of the word â€Å"cadaverousness† alludes to death, and the usage of â€Å"luminous† makes Mr. Usher seem mysterious. Mysteriousness and death are common words to portray someone beyond repair. By using this kind of wording, Poe is revealing the narrator is disgusted by the new Rodrick. The disgust leads the narrator to rejection. The narrator is rejecting of Rodrick. In the text, the narrator states â€Å"His action was alternately vivacious and sullen. His voice varied rapidly from a tremulous indecision hich may be observed in the lost drunkard, or the irreclaimable eater of opium † (Poe 2). Poe uses the words â€Å"tremulous†, â€Å"drunkard†, and â€Å"opium† to describe Rodrick. A synonym for â€Å"tremulous† is â€Å"quavering†, which is a word that describes a voice during a lie. â€Å"Opium† and â€Å"drunkard† are words related to addictive vices, which cause people to lie. Lying causes people to not trust the liar, which leads to rejection. The rejection allows the narrator to let his conscious remain free. To keep his conscious alive, he has to rid himself of the dirtiness. The narrator must â€Å" wipe his hands clean† of Rodrick to be able to continue living. The narrator realizes that Rodrick is the source of his own problems. In the text, it states â€Å"But, as I placed my hand upon his shoulder, there came a strong shudder over his whole person ; a sickly smile quivered about his lips ; and I saw that he spoke in a low, hurried, and gibbering murmur, as if unconscious of my presence. Bending closely over him, I at length drank in the hideous import of his words † (Poe 6). The diction used has much hurt and anguish. The hurt exists because the narrator notices that his friend is doomed. The narrator also uses the words â€Å"shudder†, â€Å"hideous†, and â€Å"sickly† to describe how Rodrick acts. The word choice that the narrator uses emphasizes that Rodrick is doomed. The pain of seeing his best friend in this situation would force any reasonable man, such as the narrator, to â€Å"wipe his hands clean†. The narrator originally intends to save Rodrick, but once he sees what state Rodrick is in, he realizes all hope is lost. He is sincerely pleased to see Rodrick when the letter first comes and believes that their relationship will be like it once was, until he met Rodrick in person. He cares about Rodrick, but realizes that Mr. Usher is doomed. He is disgusted by the â€Å"new† Rodrick and rejects him. He understands he must â€Å"wipe his hands clean†. The narrator has a very intricate relationship with his old friend Rodrick Usher.

Running into Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Heart Of Darkness: Running from the Truth In the novel Heart Of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, the main character makes a decision to go against his convictions by telling a lie about Kurtz ¹s death to the intended. After careful analysis of the situation, one can see that Marlow is justified in lying to the intended because the lie enables Marlow live the rest of his life without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was great meaning in the actual final words uttered by Kurtz. Kurtz had seen the true heart of man, and he knew of the evil. In his final words  ³the horror, the horror ²(68), Marlow comes to understand and to accept Kurtz ¹s view of life. The things that Kurtz had both done and seen in his life were in fact horrible, but was something that Marlow was able to look past. This is later clear by what is in his thoughts as he talks to the woman. He condemning mankind as a whole with this statement. . This is why Marlow keeps the words to himself. It allows him to preserve hope both in the intended, and more importantly in himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the story Marlow makes it clear that he detests lies. He says  ³There is a taint of death, a flavor of mortality in lies-which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world(29). ² This quote comes to mind at the end of the book when Marlow blatantly lies to the intended, but there is plenty evidence that Marlow ¹s has not changed, only his method of avoiding what he hates. He says that he hates the morality, and the taint of death associated with lies, but in this case these things are associated with the truth. Marlow tells of a vision that he has on his way into see the intended. He says that he saw Kurtz  ³on the stretcher opening his mouth voraciously as if to devour all of the earth with all its mankind ² and that he had seen Kurtz as  ³a shadow insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful realities, a shadow darker than the shadow of night,(72). This is a real and vivid description of his feelings for Kurtz. To Marlow, Kurtz was an evil force that represented horror of what people could easily become under the right circumstances. Running into Darkness in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays Heart Of Darkness: Running from the Truth In the novel Heart Of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, the main character makes a decision to go against his convictions by telling a lie about Kurtz ¹s death to the intended. After careful analysis of the situation, one can see that Marlow is justified in lying to the intended because the lie enables Marlow live the rest of his life without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There was great meaning in the actual final words uttered by Kurtz. Kurtz had seen the true heart of man, and he knew of the evil. In his final words  ³the horror, the horror ²(68), Marlow comes to understand and to accept Kurtz ¹s view of life. The things that Kurtz had both done and seen in his life were in fact horrible, but was something that Marlow was able to look past. This is later clear by what is in his thoughts as he talks to the woman. He condemning mankind as a whole with this statement. . This is why Marlow keeps the words to himself. It allows him to preserve hope both in the intended, and more importantly in himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early in the story Marlow makes it clear that he detests lies. He says  ³There is a taint of death, a flavor of mortality in lies-which is exactly what I hate and detest in the world(29). ² This quote comes to mind at the end of the book when Marlow blatantly lies to the intended, but there is plenty evidence that Marlow ¹s has not changed, only his method of avoiding what he hates. He says that he hates the morality, and the taint of death associated with lies, but in this case these things are associated with the truth. Marlow tells of a vision that he has on his way into see the intended. He says that he saw Kurtz  ³on the stretcher opening his mouth voraciously as if to devour all of the earth with all its mankind ² and that he had seen Kurtz as  ³a shadow insatiable of splendid appearances, of frightful realities, a shadow darker than the shadow of night,(72). This is a real and vivid description of his feelings for Kurtz. To Marlow, Kurtz was an evil force that represented horror of what people could easily become under the right circumstances.

What’s Cause of Poverty in Africa?

Introduction: â€Å"Poverty is a state of not having enough money to take care of basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter† (Audu). In another word, people do not have sufficient income to purchase enough food. Africa is a continent known for its deep history and rich culture but also know as a continent battling against poverty and disease (Audu). Poverty in Africa has been rising for the last quarter century while it has been falling in the rest of the developing world.Poverty doesn’t result from just one or two causes. The problem entrenched poverty is extremely difficult to solve because of different factors and all interacting with one another. Three main sections cause poverty in Africa are economic, political and external. Body: Economic: Employment is the main route out of poverty for poor people in an undeveloped country. The government does very little to create more jobs for African nations even with students that graduates from college can’t fin d work.With the unemployment rate increase, a lot of Africans have turned into armed robbers, blood money rituals, and secret cults organization, migrating outside Africa and turning into prostitution in order to survive. Therefore, the economic productivity is low but poverty rate is high. When leaders are not accountable to those they serve then there is a sign of corruption. Corruption both in government and business place heavy cost on society because it plays a major cause and a result of poverty. It’s because poverty can be fought in the presence of strong institution, and equitable distribution of resources (Collier).However, programs that designed to fight poverty in Africa are not fully implemented because the funds end up in the hands of corrupt individuals, who pocket the majority (Bartle). This emphasizes poor governance because those in authority have failed to apprehend the corrupt. Therefore, it requires a non-corrupt government to turn public income into human development outcomes and strengthening of business confidence, economic and social. Political: Social inequality starts from cultural ideas about the relative worth of different genders, races, ethnic groups and social classes (Bartle).According to Jeff Stats, in African history, apartheid laws defined a binary caste system that assigned different rights and social spaces to different races, using skin color to determine the opportunities available to individuals in each group. Base on this law it’s very inequality for people in Africa because people who are in low class will never able to change their level since they don’t have the opportunity and options to change it. External: With constant war and conflict in Africa makes it very difficult to farm, to work for living or earn money.It’s hard to start ordinary life because many men are forces to flee from their homes to fight for the war. This will make the continent’s productivity goes down and pover ty rates go up. Another factor that cause poverty in Africa is diseases such as malaria, HIV, and TB. When a member in a household is affected by any of those diseases there is very little resources are spent on treating the sick. This lead to people who are left behind with no resources to support themselves and the situation is worsened by poor health facilities.

The War of 1812

The War of 1812: It’s Importance to America The War of 1812 is probably our most obscure conflict. Although a great deal has been written about the war, the average American is only vaguely aware of why we fought or who the enemy was. Even those who know something about the contest are likely to remember only a few dramatic moments, such as the writing of â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner,† the burning of the nation’s capital, or the Battle of New Orleans. Why is this war so obscure? One reason is that no great president is associated with the conflict.Although his enemies called it â€Å"Mr. Madison's War,† James Madison was shy and deferential, hardly measuring up to such war leaders as Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, or Franklin Roosevelt. Moreover, the best American generals in this war – Andrew Jackson, Jacob Brown, and Winfield Scott – were unable to turn the tide because each was confined to a one or two theaters in a war that had seven or eight theaters. No one like George Washington, Ulysses Grant, or Dwight Eisenhower emerged to put his stamp on the war and to carry the nation to victory.Although these things are true though, the War of 1812 is the most important event for America, because it officially broke us as the United States of America apart from Great Britain. Another reason for the obscurity of this war is that its causes are complex and little understood today. Most scholars agree that the war was fought over maritime issues, particularly the Orders in Council, which restricted American trade with the European Continent, and impressment, which was the Royal Navy’s practice of removing seamen from American merchant vessels.In contemporary parlance, the war was fought for â€Å"Free Trade and Sailors' Rights. † These issues seem arcane today. Moreover, the only way that the United States to strike at Great Britain was by attacking Canada, and that made it look like a war of territorial agg ression. Even today Canadians are likely to see the war in this light, and who can blame them? A war fought to secure maritime rights by invading Canada strikes many people as curious. The prosecution of the war was marred by considerable bungling and mismanagement. This was partly due to the nature of the republic. The ation was too young and immature – and its government too feeble and inexperienced – to prosecute a major war efficiently. Politics also played a part. Federalists vigorously opposed the conflict, and so too did some Republicans. Even those who supported the war feuded among themselves and never displayed the sort of patriotic enthusiasm that has been so evident in other American wars. The advocates of war appeared to support the conflict more with their heads than their hearts, and more with their hearts than their purses. As a result, efforts to raise men and money lagged far behind need.Despite the bungling and half-hearted support that characterized this conflict, the War of 1812 was not without its stirring moments and splendid victories. American success at the Thames in the Northwest, the victories at Chippewa and Fort Erie on the Niagara front, the rousing defense of Baltimore in the Chesapeake, and the crushing defeat of the British at New Orleans – all these showed that with proper leadership and training American fighting men could hold their own against the well-drilled and battle-hardened regulars of Great Britain.Similarly, the naval victories on the northern lakes and the high seas and the success of privateers around the globe demonstrated that, given the right odds, the nation’s armed ships matched up well against even the vaunted and seemingly invincible Mistress of the Seas. The war also produced its share of heroes–people whose reputations were enhanced by military or government service. The war helped catapult four men into the presidency – Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, James M onroe, and William Henry Harrison – and three men into the vice-presidency – Daniel D.Tompkins, John C. Calhoun, and Richard M. Johnson. The war also gave a significant boost to the political or military careers of other men. Indeed, for many young men on the make, the war offered an excellent launching pad for a career. In some ways, the War of 1812 looked more to the past than to the future. As America's second and last war against Great Britain, it echoed the ideology and issues of the American Revolution. It was the second and last time that America was the underdog in a war and the second and last time that the nation tried to conquer Canada.It was also the last time that Indians played a major role in determining the future of the continent. In this sense, the War of 1812 was the last of the North American colonial wars. The war was unusual in generating such vehement political opposition and nearly unique in ending in a stalemate on the battlefield. Although mos t Americans pretended they had won the war – even calling it a â€Å"Second War of Independence†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthey could point to few concrete gains – certainly none in the peace treaty – to sustain this claim. It is this lack of success that may best explain why the war is so little remembered.Americans have characteristically judged their wars on the basis of their success. The best-known wars – the Revolution, the Civil War, and World War II – were all clear-cut successes. Although many people remembered the War of 1812 as a success, it was in a very real sense a failure, and perhaps this is why it attracts so little attention today. The obscurity of this war, however, should not blind us to its significance, for it was an important turning point, a great watershed, in the history of the young republic.It concluded almost a quarter of a century of troubled diplomacy and partisan politics and ushered in the Era of Good Feelings. It marked the en d of the Federalist party but the vindication of Federalist policies, many of which were adopted by Republicans during or after the war. The war also broke the power of American Indians and reinforced the powerful undercurrent of Anglophobia that had been spawned by the Revolution a generation before.In addition, it promoted national self-confidence and encouraged the heady expansionism that lay at the heart of American foreign policy for the rest of the century. Finally, the war gave the fledgling republic a host of sayings, symbols, and songs that helped Americans define who they were and where their young republic was headed. Although looking to the past, the war was fraught with consequences for the future, and for this reason it is worth studying today, and that is why it is the most important event for America.

John Stuart Mills essays

John Stuart Mills essays John Stuart Mill was one of the most well regarded and widely renowned philosophers and economists in history. He was considered a philosophical genius by the age of 20, and was mainly taught only by his father. His father believed that he should be educated and be taught many different languages and philosophies to become a well-rounded individual. When he had to end his studies early in life because of a mental breakdown at the age of 20, he soon recovered and was something different than when he first studied. Not long after he recovered he showed how different he was than his father and began writing in the Westminster review. He has widely been known for his views on liberalism that he showed in On Liberty. Mill believed that the individual was essentially sovereign over his own mind and body, a belief known as individual autonomy. The only thing individuals could do justifiably to violate other individuals' autonomies was in pursuit of self-protection, where the other individuals had broken into theirs first. Millsian philosophy was completely against negative liberty, or the absence of restraint, chaos. However, on the other end of the spectrum, Mill also opposed the tyranny the majority could impose on any minority, particularly the individual, by way of legislative control. Mill strongly believed in the practice and respect of law, and that minorities of any sort should be protected and only suppressed if the greatest good for the greatest number was being harmed in a judicially illegal way as to harm the general populace, although he never set an objective standard as to what was or was not harmf ul to the majority. It is of no surprise that he also supported individual freedom of thought and expression on the grounds of individual autonomy and minority protection. He stated that such freedom would encourage and not interfere with individual development, both social a ...

Daffodil by Ted Hughes and I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud in contrast Essay

Daffodil by Ted Hughes and I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud in contrast - Essay Example Poetry connects beyond any particular framework of time period. Certain critics comment upon this connects as influence and others quote it as inspiring. William Wordsworth, the great pantheist and romantic poet wrote the poem, ‘I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’ in the year 1804. The poem popularly came to be known as ‘The Daffodils’. In the year 1986, the very modern poet Ted Hughes inspired by the poem of Wordsworth had drawn allusion from the poem of Wordsworth and included the poem bearing the title, ‘Daffodils’ in his collection of poems entitled, ‘Flowers and Insects’. In the sleek edition by Ted Hughes when other poems could not become quite popular, very intriguingly the poem which eluded its title from the Romantic era of English literature drew considerable attention. Both the poems, written age apart, very interestingly pondered upon the impact of memories captivated by both the romantic and the modern poet, which essentially builds the matrix upon which the similarities between the poems can be evaluated and the difference in the perspective upon the same subject could be analysed. Thesis Statement The essay intends to discuss critically the essential similarities and differences inherent within the poem which evolves out on the context of the same subject. Contrast: I wandered Lonely as a Cloud and Daffodils At the outset, a thorough introspection through the poem by Wordsworth, ‘I wandered Lonely as a Cloud’ enables the readers to come to terms with the exclusive order well organised within the poetic scheme by Wordsworth. The narrator of Wordsworth’s poem is reminiscing upon the private moment encountered by him and evocation of his feelings on seeing the beautiful sight of daffodils on a field. The influence of the memory is so powerful for the narrator of Wordsworth’s poem that it is capable of making the ‘pensive’ mood of the narrator elevated. Taking the q ueue of a sombre simile, the poem begins ‘I wander’d lonely as a cloud’. The metaphor of the poem is so strong that the field of dancing daffodils is assumed as the dancers on a dancing floor. The poet plays with the words to the extent within the poem that it seems the rhyming and the choice of words together are so much intended to make the lines of the poem dance together with the daffodils thereby evoking a strong imagery before the eyes of the readers (Woof, 2011). The main intention of the poem by Wordsworth is to make the readers feel the joy the narrator received on seeing the field of dancing daffodils. The surprise of the narrator is also being communicated by him when he comments upon his surprise at the ‘wealth the show to me had brought’. The poem closes with the trip of the narrator down his memory lane and aptly with a rejuvenating metaphor, ‘and then my hear with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils’ (The Wordswo rth Trust, 2012). The poem by Wordsworth focuses on the beauty and bounty the nature captivates and its ability to balm the bruises of a tired heart and elevate the pensive mood of a man. The poem by Ted Hughes is a seminal work. It is inspired by the poem of Wordsworth which captivates the daffodil flowers central to both the text. Hughes’ ‘Daffodil’ also narrates the memory of the narrator and his encounters with the flower daffodil. However, very contrastingly the berating of the narrator’s dead wife amid the reminiscence of daffodils builds a morbid tone of the poem quite contrasting to the poem of Wordsworth. The allusion of the title thus appears evidently ironic and a reader coming across the poem by Hughes for the first time will be misled because they won’t find the familiarity of context and intonation with the

Regulatory Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Regulatory Theory - Essay Example In fact, before these far-reaching reforms, telecommunication service provision remained a monopoly of state corporations or in rare cases, was monopolized by private entities. Due to the fact that the provider of telecommunication services in most cases was the government, the regulation of this sector was never quite independent since, all the policy-making and regulatory powers lay with the government and its agencies (Welfens, 2010). Therefore, the management of telecommunication frequencies and the responsibility of operating networks were a preserve of the government of the day (Davidson et al., 1986). For many developed countries, this classical approach to ICT management was quite profitable for some time, given that the increased international tariffs for telecommunication services covered for the subsidized local tariffs. In addition, with the decreased telecommunication cost that resulted from technological advances, the classical approach to ICT operations did well for mo st developed countries (Welfens, 2010). Unfortunately for the developing and the underdeveloped countries and regions, the classical approach to ICT operation did not work well. The reason for this scenario being that these countries’ networks were somehow restricted to major cities and towns, implying that only the middle and high socioeconomic status citizens could access and utilise ICT services in these countries. While the low socioeconomic status citizen had to make do with poor quality telecommunication services and long waiting lists, the high-income end of the population were advantaged by the cross-subsidisation of ICT prices (Welfens, 2010). Regrettably, the classical approach to ICT regulation did not generate investment income for the developed and the developing countries alike. During the 1980s and the 1990s, the role of telecommunication in the economic growth of countries and the entire world became rather apparent, leading to the development of a number of r egulatory and competition polices, even though to a limited extent, in many countries (Koops et al., 2006). Besides, regulating competition, the regulatory and competition policies were expected to instill dynamism, innovativeness, augment availability, accessibility and increase ICT choices and lower tariffs for customers. The first effect of the wave of ICT reforms that peaked in the 1990s was the privatisation of telecommunication service operators. The second effect of the ICT regulatory policies was the introduction of new varieties of services such as mobile telephony and value-added services (Koops et al., 2006). This paper thus explores the need for the regulation of ICT, whether regulation works in the interests of the public and the implications of convergence and innovation on ICT regulation. The Importance of Regulation That the core role of regulation in any industry is to enable sustainability, growth and development is quite apparent and cannot be overemphasized. Ther efore, the information and communication technology sector, like the other sectors of an economy, requires a strong legal framework and regulatory mechanisms to function for the betterment of the public. A number of reasons have since been identified to underlie the need for the regulation of information communication and technology. Generally, ICT the need for ICT regulation arises from the recently observed structural changes in the communication industry. The transformation of the industry from a monopoly to a competitive one in many a country has particularly necessitated its stronger regulation (Baldwin et al., 2012). Therefore, the regulation of the ICT sector has been particularly important in the creation of an effective environment for fair competition that supports both

Statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Statistics - Essay Example Z-Revenue is higher for Citicorp 3.69 and lower for First Natl of Nebraska. Z-profit is highest for Chase Manhattan Bank 3.23 and lower for First Natl of Nebraska. Summarize all these results; it can be said that only four banks has higher Revenue and Profit that BankTen: The BankTen does not has significantly higher profit per employee $0.041K than industry average $ 0.037K. Profit per employee with two standard deviation above the mean is $0.06. Profit per employee with two standard deviation below mean is $0.02. J.P.MORGAN & CO., BANK OF NEW YORK CO., BARNETT BANKS, REPUBLIC NEW YORK CORP. has profit per employee more than two standard deviation beyond the mean. J.P. Morgan & Co., Bank of New York Co and Republic New York Co. are the top three firms with respect to profit per employee and Barnett Banks is the bank with the lowest profit per employee. Although BankTen is not one of the top performers, it has an average performance (with 72.7 percentile on the profit per employee) on Revenue and Profits except number of employees, where it needs to improve its performance either by generating more revenue and profits with same number of employees or reduce the workforce for improving its profit per

Political Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Political Philosophy Essay Barber (1999) refers to strong democracy as one of the democratic responses to contemporary political condition. The author clearly distinguishes the strong democratic type from unitary democracy, pluralist democracy, authoritative, and juridical democracy. All these types of democracy are idealistic, and are never applied to real political conditions in their pure forms, but they represent the five different visions of the democratic order which deserve attention and should be objectively reviewed. Barber (1999) defines authoritative democracy in centralized executive terms. Authoritative democracy exercises the principles of differential citizenry; although authoritative democracy is fully accountable to the democratic community which elects it, this type of democratic order relies on the excellence of elites (Barber, 1999). The two major deficiencies are characteristic of authoritative democracy: first, it tends towards hegemony; second, it tends to camouflage its political representation under the cover of political wisdom. As a result, individuals risk confusing the political virtue with the political excellence (Barber, 1999). Juridical democracy is based on the principles of protecting human rights. Arbitration and adjudication are the necessary preconditions of juridical democracy (Barber, 1999). In juridical democracy, the principle of differential citizenry is expressed through excessive reliance on courts, which resolve and mediate political issues and substantially limit the power of the democratic government. Barber (1999) writes that â€Å"juridical democracy is deficient because it subverts the legislative process†. The author is confident that juridical democracy initially distorts the notions of the natural right and the higher law, using them as the disguise for political reintroduction and representation (Barber, 1999). Pluralist democracy is the most ideal democratic form of all Barber describes in his work. Pluralist democracy is based on the principle of the social contract which free political markets use in the process of political exchange (Barber, 1999). In distinction from the two previous forms of democracy, the pluralist form relies on active (not differential) citizenry. All conflicts and issues are arbitrated with the help of bargaining in which free equal individuals are involved. The pluralist democracy is deficient because the power of the social contract and bargaining is very weak. In Barber’s (1999) view, pluralist democracy is too innocent, and cannot lead to formation of any public thinking. Unitary democracy could initially become the political representation of certain norm as the central element of democratic order. Although unitary democracy promotes the unanimous character of political decisions, it tends to undermine the principles of individual autonomy. The role of citizenry in unitary democracy is vague (Barber, 1999). The problem is in that the unity of political deliberation requires that individuals merge with the rest of the political community. As a result, they risk losing their political individuality, and promote collective political thinking. Unitary democracy cannot foster self-realization; in massive forms, unitary democracy borders on coercion and malevolence (Barber, 1999). In many aspects, unitary democracy is synonymous to â€Å"conformist† type of political order, which mixes tyranny with terror and views community consensus through the prism of collectivity and collective political interests. Barber (1999) is confident that strong democracy is the political order of the future. The author views this type of democratic order as a community which will never be collectivistic, and which is the most compatible with the contemporary society. The core of strong democracy is the self-government, in which citizens govern themselves (Barber, 1999). The conflict resolution is based on self-legislation, and the creation of the political community. The mentioned political community is the key element of strong democracy, and it is the necessary condition for transforming the political conflicts into the useful epistemological tools of public thinking (Barber, 1999). Simultaneously, Barber fails to define the criteria for the creation and existence of the already mentioned political community. If strong democratic community exists to transform political conflicts or implement political decisions (Barber, 1999), it is unclear whether this community will keep its previous form as soon as it achieves its political goals. One can’t but agree with Barber (1999) in that in strong democracy community is invariably linked to the notion of citizenship, but there are striking disparities between the notions of community and participation. Although strong democracy claims striking the misbalance between participation and community, it does not offer any reliable criteria for achieving the democratic world of the common ends, in which conflict serves the dialectical means of turning the masses into the democratic citizenship. Conclusion Strong democracy is viewed by Barber (1999) as the best and the most realistic type of democratic order. Barber (1999) emphasizes the deficiencies which authoritative, juridical, unitary, and pluralist democracies display. Simultaneously, Barber (1999) fails to provide the criteria for creating and supporting the strong democratic community and participation. The relation between community and participation remains misbalanced, and strong democracy will hardly strike it.

Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic sinus surgery, a widely used method in the treatment of chronic sinus disease can lead to major (0-1,5 %) and minor (1,1-20,8% ) complications. These complications are still important nowadays. Central nervous system (CNS) fistula, hemorrhage, meningitis, orbital injury and even death are major pathologies. These are usually the result of injury of fovea ethmoidalis or orbital structures [1-4]. If the skull base anatomy and its possible variations are well known these risks will be minimized. ‘Fovea ethmoidalis’ which seperates ethmoid cells from anterior cranial fossa forms the roof of ethmoidal labrynth [5, 6]. Fovea ethmoidalis adheres to lateral lamella of cribriform plate which is a medially located very thin bone [7]. Keros [8] classified the depth of olfactory fossa as the height of lateral lamella in 1962. According to his classification if the height of lateral lamella MATERIAL-METHOD Two hundred paranasal sinus computed tomographies performed for various reasons as a total of 400 hemisides of paranasal region were analyzed retrospectively. Patients under 18 years of age, with a history of prior surgery, trauma which led to massive destruction of bones and patients with congenital anomalies were excluded from the study. A hundred of the patients were female (18-77 years old, mean age: 36,91) and 100 male (18-76 years old, mean age:34,25), respectively. MDCT scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Enlargen, Germany) with consecutive 1mm thick sections were obtained and coronal multiplanar reconstructions were performed. Bone algorithm was used. In our study , we measured that the depths of olfactory fossa, identifying Keros types, the distances of the ethmoidal roof from hard palate, the distances between upper and lower limits of the orbita bilateraly. The height of ethmoid roof was calculated by measuring the distance between ethmoid roof and the upper limit of orbit a. Measurements in coronal sections were performed at the level of the optic nerve just posterior to the orbital globe. Also the shapes of the bone from the confluence of ethmoidal fovea with lateral lamella are called type 1 if its shape looks like a broken arrow (broken wing) and type 2 if its shape is flat (flattening) and forms of the asymmetry were investigated. Keros typing, ethmoid roof height and asymmetric shape of the fovea were investigated in both sexes whether there is a relationship between them. NCSS statistical analysis (Number Cruncher Statistical System) 2007 Statistical Software (Utah, USA) was performed with the package program. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation), as well as comparisons between groups one-way analysis of variance, in the sub-group comparisons Tukeys multiple comparison test, in the binary comparisons of groups and independent t test, in the qualitative comparisons of data chi-square and weighted kapp a compatibility test was used. Results significances were evaluated at p RESULTS: According to the classification of Keros, 3.75% of the patients Keros type I (n = 15), 59.5% Keros type II (n = 238), 36.75% Keros type III (n = 147). Keros type III is more common in males (n=86, 43%) than females (n=61, 30.5%) (p = 0.017). The shapes of fovea ethmoidalis in 97.25% (n = 389) of the patients were the broken arrows (type 1), while 2.75% (n = 11) of the shapes were flat (type 2) . In 54 cases (13.5%) an olfactory fossa Keros type asymmetry, in 11 cases (2.75%) foveal shape asymmetry was found. In seven patients (3.5%) as well as the foveal shape asymmetry also Keros olfactory fossa type asymmetry was seen . Keros type I patients’ orbital maximal height average were measured 33.07  ± 1.24 mm, Keros type II patients 32.57  ± 1.97 mm, Keros Type III patients 33.31  ± 2.11 mm respectively. In the male patients , the average heights of the orbits of Keros III group were significantly higher than Keros group II (p = 0.034). The olfactory fossa depth was measured at an average 6.45  ± 2.16 mm on the right , 6.39  ± 2.21 mm on the left. The average depth of the olfactory fossa in males (6.7  ± 2.45 mm) was higher than in females (6.13  ± 1.84 mm) (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the olfactory fossa depth between type 1 or type 2 foveal shape. Right and left olfactory fossa depth which were used for detection of Keros typing was compared. In 93 patients (46.5%) from the total of 200 patients asymmetry was detected. In 55 patients > 1 mm (27.5%), in 38 patients had > 2 mm (19%) difference was found. Forty-eight of them female and 45 were male. In seven of the same patients showed foveal shape asymmetry also. Average right ethmoid roof height 7.59  ± 2.25 mm ,average left ethmoid roof height was measured 7.75  ± 2.38 mm. In men with type 2 foveal shape the groups average height of the ethmoid roof (9.59  ± 2.77 mm) was higher than the foveal shape of type 1 group (7.66  ± 2.36 mm) (p = 0.042). In women, the average height of the ethmoid roof of type 2 group (8.75  ± 1.76 mm) was higher than type 1 group (7.34  ± 2.11 mm) (p = 0.03). There was no statistically significant difference was observed between the averages of heights of ethmoid roofs in Keros type I, II and III patients. Right and left ethmoid roof heigh ts were compared in total of 200 patients. There was an asymetry between left and right sides in 93 patients (46.5%) . In 55 patients > 1 mm difference (27.5%), in 38 patients had > 2 mm difference (19%) was found. Forty-nine of them were female, 44 of them were male. Five of the same patients showed asymmetry in the shape of the fovea also. In 54 patients (27%), asymmetry was observed in both ethmoid roof height and olfactory fossa depth . Twenty-nine of them were female, twenty-five of them were male. In the same group; the foveal shape in four patients showed asymmetry also. For the Keros type I patients both sides of the olfactory fossa depth asymmetry ratio was found to be more (53,3%) than the other types. For the same measurement, the ratios were found 40,8% and 29,4 % with Keros type II and type III respectively. Kerosian ethmoid roof height of both sides in patients with type I, asymmetry ratio was found to be greater (40.0%). For the same measurement, the results were 33.3% and 29.4% in Keros type III and type II respectively. In the Keros type I patients foveal shape asymmetry was found to be greater (20.0%) than the other types . The foveal shape asymetry for Keros type II was 4.2% and 4.08% for Keros type III respectively. DISCUSSION: The ethmoid sinuses have special importance especially in patients undergoing sinus surgery . Because these sinuses are close to vital organs such as the anterior cranial fossa, dura, orbita, optic nerve and anterior ethmoid artery [12, 13]. During endoscopic sinus surgery, the maximum likelihood of injury of the skull base is in Keros type III cases in which olfactory fossa are deep [9]. In 1962, in Keros’ study with 450 patients, type II patients at a rate of 70.16% (which was the most common type in that study), type III 18.25% and type I 11.59% of the patients [8]. In our study 3.75% of the patients were Keros type I (Figure 1), 59.5% of the patients were Keros type II (Figure 2), 36.75% of the patients were Keros type III (Figure 3) . After the point of the junction of fovea ethmoidalis with cribriform plate as well as the depth; the shape and symmetry of these structures are also important . In our study, in 93 patients (46.5%), olfactory fossa height asymmetry was detected and in another 93 patients (46.5%) foveal shape asymmetry was found. In 54 cases with height asymmetry there was also shape asymmetry (27%). In a study made by Basak et al. [14] in Turkey on 64 children with Keros type I, type II and type III incidences were explained in the following way; 9%, 53% and 38% . Anderhub et al. [15] researched 272 cases of German children for the analysis of cases of ethmoid roof . The results of their study were as follows: 14.2% of the patients Keros type 1, 70.6% of the patients Keros type II, 15.2% of the patients Keros type III . In Jang and his collegues study [16], on 205 adult patients, type II was the most common (69,5%). In Alazzaw and his collegues study [17] on 150 patients with 3 separate ethnic group type I 80%, type II 20% and type III 0% of the patients were detected. In a study made by Elwany and et al. [18] on 300 Egyptian 42,5% of type I, 56,8% type II and 1,4% type III were found respectively. In this study, the type II olfactory fossa was the commonest type in men (66.7%), while the type I fossa was commonest in women (53%). In a study made by Souza et al. [19] on 200 Brazilian with type I 26,3%, type II 73,3% and type III, 0,5% of reported cases. Solares et al. [20] in United States examined 50 cases, 83% of the cases type I, 15% type II and %2 type III respectively. In a study in Turkey Erdem et al. [21] showed 8,1% in 136 patients with type 1, 59,6% type II, 32,3% type III; Sahin et al. [22] in 100 cases detected 10% of the patients type I, 61% type II, 29% type III. Dr. Satish Nair [23], found that 77,2% of type II in the study, 17,2% of type I and 5,6%. of type III 5,6% respectively. As seen in the studies, differences are observed between different countries. In a study by Lebowitz et al. [24] 200 paranasal tomographies were interpreted. In 86 of the cases, olfactory fossa shapes were symmetric and their heights were the same. Ninety-six cases had shape asymmetry, 19 cases had height asymmetry in olfactory fossa, one case had both shape and height asymmetry. In a study made by Dessi et al. [11] on 150 Italian patients, 10% identified asymmetry of the height of the olfactory fossa. In Fan and et al. [25] studies’ on 160 Chinese patients, 15,6% of cases showed olfactory fossa height asymmetry, 38,75% of cases had foveal shape asymmetry. Souza et al. [19] showed ethmoid roof height asymmetry in 12% of the cases, contour asymmetry in 48,5% of the cases. Michael Reiss et al. [26] studied 644 patients, of which 31 % was detected height asymmetry. Kizilkaya et al. [2] reported that in 37,95% patients was detected height asymmetry. Dr. Satish Nair [23] identified height asymmetry in 11,7% of the cases. In the same study, ethmoid roof heigh t and contour asymmetry was found in patients at the highest rate with type I (67,8%); than 32,3% and 40% with type II and type III followed. In a study made by Kaplanoglu et al. [27] on 500 patients ; in 80% of cases was found height asymmetry, the foveal shape asymmetry was detected in 35% of the patients in the same study. Our current study in patients with Keros type I both olfactory fossa depth and height of the ethmoid roof asymmetries had greater percentage. But in our population Keros type I is less seen. However, most of the skull base injuries were seen in Keros type III cases at a prevalance of 36,75% in our study in which olfactory fossa depth and height of the ethmoid roof asymmetry rates were quite high (respectively 40,8%, 33,3%). Preoperative computed tomography must be interpreted in detail. Especially Keros typing must be done and all the variations should be evaluated carefully. CONCLUSION In patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery; knowledge of anatomic details and average lengths of skull base and their neighbouring structures and the possible variations of anatomical structures are very important for the prevention of complications that may occur during the operation. Therefore, the preoperative evaluation of paranasal sinus CT by considering the various possibilities is necessary and inevitable. REFERENCES 1. Hemmerdinger SA, Jacobs JB, Lebowitz RA. Accuracy and cost analysis of image-guided sinà ¼s surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2005; 38:453–60. 2. E. Kizilkaya, M. Kantarci, C. C. Basekim et al., â€Å"Asymmetry of the height of the ethmoid roof in relationship to handedness,† Laterality, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 297–303, 2006. 3. May M, Levine HL, Mester SJ, Schaitkin B (1994) Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of 2108 patients incidence and prevention. Laryngoscope 104: 1080-1083. 4. Ulualp SO. Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: appropriate management of complications. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 16: 252-9. 5. Stammberger HR, Kennedy DW; Anatomic Terminology Group. Paranasal sinuses: anatomic terminology and nomenclature. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 1995; 167: 7-16. 6. Stammberger H (1993) Endoscopic anatomy of lateral wall and ethmoidal  sinuses. St. Louis Mosby-Year Book 13-42. 7. Terrier F, Weber W, Ruefenacht D, Porcellini B. Anatomy of the ethmoid: CT, endoscopic and macroscopic. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 144: 493-500. 8. Keros P. On the practical value of differences in the level of the lamina cribrosa of the ethmoid. Z Laryngol Rhinol Otol. 1962; 41:809–813. 9. Ohnishi T, Yanagisawa E. Lateral lamella of the cribriform plate – an important high-risk area in endoscopic sinus surgery. Ear Nose Throat J. 1995;74:688–90. 10. Lee JC, Song YJ, Chung YS, Lee BJ, Jang YJ, et al. (2007) Height and shape of the skull base as risk factors for skull base penetration during endoscopic sinus surgery. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 116: 199-205. 11. Dessi P, Moulin G, Triglia JM, et al. Difference in the height of the right and left ethmoidal roofs: a possible risk factor for ethmoidal surgery. Prospective study of 150 CT scans. J Laryngol Otol. 1994;108:261–2. 12. Zacharek MA, Han JK, Allen R, Weissman JL, Hwang PH. (2005)Sagittal and coronal dimensions of the ethmoid roof: a radioanatomic study. Am J Rhinol 19: 348-52. 13. Ohnishi T, Tachibana T, Kaneko Y, Esaki S (1993)High-risk areas in endoscopic sinus surgery and prevention of complications. Laryngoscope 103:1181-1185. 14. Basak S, Akdilli A, Karaman CZ, et al. Assessment of some important anatomical variations and dangerous areas of the paranasal sinuses by computed tomography in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2000;55:81–9. 15. Anderhuber W, Walch C, Fock C. Configuration of ethmoid roof in children 0-14 years of age. Laryngorhinootologie. 2001;80:509–11. 16. Jang YJ, Park HM, Kim HG. The radiographic incidence of bony defects in the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci. 1999;24:440–2. 17. Alazzawi S, Omar R, Rahmat K, Alli K. Radiological analysis of the ethmoid roof in the Malaysian population. Auris Nasus Larynx 2012; 39: 393-6. 18. Elwany S, Medanni A, Eid M, Aly A, El-Daly A, Ammar SR. Radiological observations on the olfactory fossa and ethmoid roof. J Laryngol Otol 2010; 124: 1251-6. 19. Souza SA, Souza MMA, Idagawa M, Wolosker AMB, Ajzen SA. Computed tomography assessment of the ethmoid roof: a relevant region at risk in endoscopic sinus surgery. Radiol Bras 2008; 4: 143-7. 20. Solares CA, Lee WT, Batra PS, Citardi MJ. Lateral Lamella of the cribriform plate. Software-enabled computed tomographic analysis and its clinical relevance in skull base surgery. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008; 134: 285-9. 21. Erdem G, Erdem T, Miman MC, Ozturan O. A radiological anatomic study of the cribriform plate compared with constant structures. Rhinology 2004; 42: 225-9. 22. Ã…Å ¾ahin C, YÄ ±lmaz YF, Titiz A, Ozcan M, Ozlugedik S, Unal A. Analysis of Ethmoid Roof and Cranial Base in Turkish Population. KBB ve BBC Dergisi 2007; 15: 1-6. 23. Nair S (2012) Importance of Ethmoidal Roof in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. Open Access Scientific Reports; 1: 251. 24. Lebowitz RA, Terk A, Jacobs JB, et al. Asymmetry of the ethmoid roof: analysis using coronal computed tomography. Laryngoscope. 2001;111: 2122–4. 25. Fan J, Wu J, Wang H, Lang J, Lin S. Imaging analysis of the ethmoid roof. Ling Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zai 2005; 69-71. 26. Reis M, Reis G. Height of Right and Left Ethmoid Roofs: Aspects of Laterality in 644 Patients. Int J Otolaryngol 2011; 508907. 27. Hatice Kaplanoglu, Veysel Kaplanoglu, Alper Dilli, Ugur Toprak, Baki HekimoÄÅ ¸lu. An Analysis of the Anatomic Variations of the Paranasal Sinuses and Ethmoid Roof Using Computed Tomography. Eurasian J Med 2013; 45: 115-25. 1