President Trump Against The World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

President Trump Against The World - Essay Example President Trump claims that his decision to pull-out of the Paris Treaty will benefit Americans, but as is his usual tactic, the president only mentions one area where the benefit will take place, jobs-an important benefit of course. Economists are divided whether this will benefit American job, and if it does will, the jobs be short or long-term. The American industry sector that is mentioned most often in conjunction with the Paris Treaty is coal. While on the campaign trail, Mr. Trump consistently insisted that he would withdraw from the Paris Treaty so that coal mines would reopen and coal miners could go back to work. If one agrees that it was the Paris Treaty that caused the decline of the coal industry in the United States, then they would count the withdrawal from it as a win. However, the coal industry has been declining for years; the Paris Treaty has only been in place for one year. The winners on the jobs front will be those places where investments in research and develo pment in renewable energy is occurring. President Trump’s withdrawal from the treaty may seem like a victory for coal but it is not. The United States’ jobs market loses in the withdrawal, although many individual states have economies that are highly invested in renewable energy, and they will continue to work toward solutions and adaptation to global climate change. Those states’ economies will be winners while President Trump and his economic allies will cling to the fossil fuels, until those resources have been depleted.

Introduction Chapter for Swirling Flows Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction Chapter for Swirling Flows - Essay Example and also in various engineering applications. [1] Aerodynamic drag induced by lift of the wings of an aircraft may also give rise to swirling flows in air. In the engineering applications, particularly where combustion systems are entailed, swirling flows can be defined as continuous jets of fluid in uniform transverse flow that have dynamic and three dimensional (3D) structures. [2] According to a basic definition from Lilley (1977), â€Å"Swirling flows result from the application of a spiraling motion, with a swirl velocity component (also known as a tangential or azimuthal velocity component) being imparted to the flow via the use of swirl vanes, in axial-plus-tangential entry swirl generator or direct tangential entry into the combustion chamber.† [3] Figure – 1: Example of swirling flow in an artificial test case [4] Why Study Swirling Flow? According to experts like Gallaire, Rott and Chomaz, there have been only a few studies in the academic world which have dea lt with the monitoring, control and analysis of complex fluid mechanical systems involving tubes and swirling jets. Also, the competitions between the axisymmetric and helical breakdown patterns of vortices in a swirling flow are still a major area of scientific exploration, which cannot be successfully accomplished without a complete understanding of Central Recirculation Zone (CRZ) and reported formations of Precessing Vortex Core (PVC) inside the swirling flow. [1, 3, 5] In combustion chamber and gas turbine applications, swirl flame stabilisation is widely used. Lean premixed and non-premixed systems are the major categories of these applications, where the processes of flame stabilisation, as functions of thermo-acoustic flux, combustor geometry and fuel type, are yet to be fully understood and simplified. [1, 6] Besides, there are relatively fewer research papers available where tall cylinders have been used to generate swirling flows with instabilities directed to the 3D patt erns of fluid dynamics. Hence, three dimensional characters of a swirl remain less explored than its unsteady axisymmetric features. [7] Therefore, swirling flows should be studied so that these gaps in engineering research can be properly abridged. Overview of Some Major Swirling Flow Phenomena Some of the major phenomena related to swirling flow that predominantly occur in combustion technologies are vortex breakdown, sudden expansion, bluff body flow, Central Recirculation Zone (CRZ) and reported formations of Precessing Vortex Core (PVC). Vortex Breakdown: Since swirling flow has a three dimensional structure, it possesses both axial and tangential velocity components in the 3D vector fields [1, 4]. When the Swirl number S is increased, strong coupling forces develop among the axial and tangential velocities. Together with strong inertial effects, swirl vortex is generated which is again broken down when the flow attains high Reynolds number. Ayache explains this process of vort ex breakdown as an unstable flow with transient patterns that â€Å"occurs due to the instabilities present in swirl flows such as shear-layer instabilities (like Kelvin-Helmholtz instability) similar to axial jets and azimuthal shear-layer instabilities created by the radial gradient in azimuthal velocity.† [1] Sudden Expansion and Bluff Body Flow: In order to gather intricate flow statistics, a bluff body may be introduced on

Introduction to Special Education Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Special Education Essay * students with exceptionalities exhibit differences in learning and behaviour that significantly affect their educational potential they have exceptional needs that cannot be met by typical approaches to schooling * special education is constructed and delivered to suit the specific strengths and needs of students with exceptionalities The Modern History Of Special Education. * special types of educational services provided as far back as the 18th century * modern era of special education began in the 1960s during the civil rights movement (rejected existing practices of separately educating students who were different) * early forms of special education designed to reduce perceived threats to normal students History Of Special Education (Legislation Affecting Special Education) * some Canadian provinces enacted special education legislation as early as 1969 * 1975 ground breaking legislation in U. S.  Education for All Handicapped Children Act. * least restrictive environment * individualized education program (IEP) * categories of exceptionality * 1978 Javits Gifted Talented Students Act brought number of identifiable categories to eleven * 1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) added traumatic brain injury and autism to create the thirteen categories used today * IDEA â€Å"children with disabilities† instead of â€Å"disabled children† The No Child Left Behind Act: signed into law in 2002 * addresses four critical concerns. * accountability of educators for student academic achievement * flexibility of specialized funding implementation to maximize student achievement * option for parents to change child’s school if achievement is not at expected level * use of scientifically proven methods to have all children reading by end of grade three Is NCLB Making a Difference? Criticisms: * students with exceptionalities not exempt from district-wide or state-wide yearly achievement tests (law recently changed – flexibility option) * lack of available funding. * more emphasis placed on math and reading at the expense of other curricular topics To date, NCLB legislation has not significantly affected special education practices in Canada. How Is Special Education In Canada And The United States Similar? * basic practices follow the same conceptual models * major difference is way it is governed * U. S. operates under federally-mandated laws * each Canadian province and territory has own education legislation * most relevant federal law in Canada is Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Prevalence Of Students With Exceptionalities * vast majority of classrooms now include students with exceptionalities * statistics difficult to acquire in Canada * U. S. Department of Education (2002) * 8. 8% of all students have exceptionalities * 85% of these have mild disabilities * twice as many males as females Inclusionary Practices * until the mid 1980s, special education services delivered wholly or partially separated from regular classrooms * all Canadian provinces have currently adopted philosophy of inclusion. * students with exceptionalities are provided with appropriate educational programming in  appropriate environments * regular classroom is first placement option * Inclusionary Practices * inclusion better than integration or mainstreaming because it does not try to â€Å"fix the child† to suit the system * inclusion does not replace the term special education because it does not provide specific definitions for implementation * educators support inclusion but are concerned about its lack of procedures for implementation Non-Categorical Model. * data-based approach to instructional planning * does not rely on specific labels * proponents feel that labels frequently stigmatize, isolate, and stereotype individuals with exceptionalities * more concerned with functional educational services than outcomes of assessments Categorical Model * students’ needs and abilities are defined and then identified, classified, and categorized * most widely used and accepted approach. * allows educators to design effective educational interventions without over-generalizing the characteristics of specific categories to any one child * textbook emphasizes categorical model * teachers need to know the criteria used to identify students with exceptionalities and how the criteria varies across categories * allows teachers to readily notice problems that children may be having * eliminates confusion and frustration when teaching students with exceptionalities.

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay

The Nyasa Community Water Project Proposal Construction Essay World Vision Tanzania plans to implement Water Project in Wela, Miguwa and Mbogwe wards in Nyasa Division, Nzega District, Tabora Region in Tanzania. The proposed five year project is expected to impact lives of more than 30884 people living in twelve Villages of Miguwa, Mbogwe, and Wela wards, 32% are women and 42% are children. The project aims at increasing the supply of water for domestic use through the construction of fifty-three wells (shallow wells and tube wells). At the completion of the project the water supply will meet 60% of the domestic demand from the current percentage that is less than 30% of the demand. The project is expected to contribute to the decrease in diseases associated to water shortage such as scabies, diarrhea and typhoid. The community will form water user groups at each well that will be responsible for implementation, management and maintenances of the wells. World Vision shall take the advisory and facilitation role to the community, government and other actors. It has the capacity and ability of rendering the above roles. It has been in the area for more than three years now. World Vision Tanzania will use the existing personnel in the ADP plus only one staff who will be the facilitator for this project. The project lifetime budget is estimated to be US$ 310500 implemented in five years. Community contribution is estimated at 31 %( US$14500); in terms of cash labour and material. Therefore the total project cost will be $ 325000 2.0 PROJECT SCOPE AND COVERAGE The proposed project is located in Nyasa ADP and it will cover 8 villages of ,Malilita, Mwasambo, Mwanzoli, Idudumo, Iduguta, Mbogwe and Nhobora in Nyasa division ,Nzega District, Tabora region . It lies between longitude 32 22 E -33 41 E and latitude 3 23 S 3 42S.The project will be implemented within the existing Nyasa ADP and it will benefit twelve villages with a population of 23,884 people, who are living in 4241 households. 46% of the population is males while 51% are female. Children constitute 41.6% of total population. Under five constitute 14.3% and under one accounts for 4% of the total population this is according to 2002 National census. Climatic features: Attitudes 1000 1400 above seas level. In low land the soils are typical deep, fine to medium textured, yellowish to grayish brown or dark gray .In the hills area the soils are stony, rocky and gravely with pocket of very shallow, excessively drained and very gravelly loams. 2.1. WATER In Tanzania only 42% of the population has access to clean water. The situation is even worse in the rural areas Nyasa community area included. The water sources available in the area are less than 30% of the need and the quality is not guaranteed. In the dry season the situation is extremely worse. At Regional and District level water situation is almost the same. There has been persistent drought and unreliable rainfall, which lead to water scarcity in the Region as well as in the Program area. Water sources, which include ponds, Chaco dams, and temporary rivers/springs in most cases, are drying during the dry season. The ADP area to date is having only one protected and functional shallow well which is located in Miguwa Village. There are others unprotected and seasonal wells scattered in different villages. Pond is one of the main sources of water, which is used intensively with human and animals for drinking water as well as for other domestic purpose. Nyasa ADP area is having 116 ponds situated in different parts of the area. Water scarcity has led to vegetation depletion in the project area. Crop production keeps on declining and livestock become affected. Water related diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, skin diseases and conductivities are at the increase. Little efforts and inputs have gone in to avail safe clean water through constructed protected shallow wells/tube wells, which has led to prevalence of water borne disease. 3.0 ORGANIZATION INVOLVEMENT AND EXPERIENCE World Vision Tanzania has been carrying water projects in different parts of the country for a considerable numbers of years; projects likes Bukombe Water in Ushirombo District Shinyanga Region, SHAWASA in Arusha region and many others. The sustainability elements in all of these projects has been clearly observed, water user groups having significant money in their bank accounts for the maintenances and repairs of the pumps, having two or more pump attendants with some technical skills for maintenance of their pumps, these are common features in those projects. World Vision Tanzania has been operational in Nzega District since 1996 through Nzega Community Development Project, by the year 2000/2001 Nyasa ADP came into operational. Through all that time WVT has managed to establish a strong relationship with the community, community leaders, government and other NGOs. World Vision supports have made a greater impact to the lives of the Nzega people, Wela, Mbogwe and Miguwa wards included. 4.0 PROJECT RATIONALES AND JUSTIFICATION Despite considerable efforts made during the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade of the 1980s, the rate of improved access to safe water supply and sanitation facilities is still very low. Tanzania population is estimated to be over 34 million people, 80% of the population lives in villages and only 50% of the population lives in villages have access to clean and safe water. 30% of the existing water supply in the country is not functioning. Water situation in Nzega District is also not promising. No any permanent river passing through in the district, only 33% of the people in the district are accessing clean water (Nzega District land use framework plan, Feb 1999). The government in the past years has been trying to dig big water ponds to harvest rains water but if the rain didnt rain properly in the said year the challenge is still there. There is a goldmine that has supported a pipeline scheme in Nzega town taping water from those ponds; this is very expensive scheme because of the water treatment. It is only in Mwakalundi Division where World Vision through Nzega Community Development Project addressed the water issue very significantly. 99% of the water sources within Nyasa ADP are unprotected ponds, spring and hand dug wells these are seasonal and drying up as from the month of July to October. They are far located such that walking distance from home stead to water sources is 4-8 km during dry season and 2-3 km in rain season (Nyasa ADP Baseline survey Report 2001), this is mainly affecting women and girl child since they are the one who are fetching the water in the family; sometimes fore gore even a meal to make sure they bring water home. There is no single operating piped water supply system while there is only one protected shallow well functioning in the whole of the ADP area. The concentration of animal excretes at water point is common. We expect that the project will increase accessibility of water for domestic use, which in turn will reduce walking distance for water fetching that meant more time for other developmental activities. Most of the people carry no water treatment. Poor hygiene and lack of potable water have accelerated diarrhea-associated diseases that stand the second in the list of top ten killer diseases in the area. The project is anticipated to help increase cleanliness of people due to water availability and decrease of the diseases associated to water shortage e.g. Scabies. The ADP has been in the area for consecutive three years now but it has been hard to address the water sector seriously due to its magnitude; also the ADP fund for the first three years was small and was meant for sensitization of the community even though water sector ranked to be the first felt need by the community during the baseline survey. 3.2 POLICIES AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY World Vision Tanzania is a community-based organization whose mission is to work with the poor and marginalized in order to attain transformational and sustainable development. As an advocacy and child focused organization WVT seeks to provide clean and safe water to the community within a walking distance of 400 metres and reduce water-borne diseases through digging wells, drilling boreholes, rehabilitation of dams, laying water pipes, rain water harvesting and even conserving the existing sources.. The construction of 50 shallow wells and drilling of 3 boreholes planned by this project is expected to relieve especially women of walking long distances for search of water and lead to improved school attendance of girl children. Not only that but also, the project aims for agricultural activities and irrigation purposes hence increases the economic growth of the country. The above idea is linked with the Dimensions of Rural Development Strategy which describes the realization of rural development in the context of the countrys development vision largely depends on the pace of growth in the agricultural sector, the adoption of a positive mindset by the rural society, and a re-focusing of the institutional framework on the rural areas. In this context, attention should be towards attaining the following: High Quality Livelihood For rural dwellers, high quality livelihood will mean having access to affordable basic needs. This includes having access to sufficient and adequate food, preventive and curative health care; shelter and clothing; education and training; and safe water. They also need access to irrigation, energy, information, transportation and communication. An Enabling and Peoples Empowering Environment Any initiative towards realizing human development and reducing poverty in a more consistent and sustainable manner should involve the people concerned. This implies that the stakeholders: communities; individuals; households; firms; organization and associations, are best positioned to know their social, political and economic problems and needs, as well as their environmental, cultural and spiritual aspirations. The Rural Development Strategy provides an enabling environment and effective institutional framework that puts people at the center of their development. People should be empowered to guide the development process and influence it towards the direction and speed they perceive it to be in tandem with their future development aspirations. Self-Reliance and Self-Sustainance The role of community and individual initiatives is of vital importance and is given due recognition in the strategy. This goes beyond providing and supporting enabling and facilitating institutional structures and processes necessary to facilitate implementation. 3.3 PROJECT APPROACH 3.3.1 Goal: To improve the quality of life in Nyasa community. 3.3.2 Objective To contribute towards increased accessibility of safe and adequate water supply in Nyasa community. To have water for irrigation system to sustain Agricultural activities. To reduce time consuming and long distance of fetching water. To have water for livestock keeping activities Indicators Percentage of people accessing clean and safe water from the new established water -Number of people having water for irrigation and livestock keeping activities. Out put 1 Conducting hydro geological survey Indicator Number of shallow well and deep well sites located/identified. Output 2 Shallow wells and deep wells constructed Indicators Number of shallow deep wells constructed. Number of shallow deep wells with suitable water for human consumption. Output 3 Established and trained water committees/ Water user group Indicators Number of water committees/Water User Groups established and trained. 3.3.3 Main activities Conduct sensitization meeting to set water goals Form/Train water user group on water sanitation. Conduct hydro geological surveys to locate potential sites. Support the Construction of the wells. Facilitate training of technical staffs on pump mechanics, well repair and maintenance Salary to Project facilitator. 3.4 APPRAISAL ISSUES As far as the concept of project appraisal is concerned is the process of analyzing the technical feasibility and economic viability of a project proposal with a view to their costs. Also there are different types of the project appraisal these are social, technical, institutional, environmental, and economic. This project deals with social, economic and financial, and environmental appraisal. 3.4.1 Social appraisal Through the project that will be implemented at Nyasa community. The community will benefit from the services as per clean and safe water policies in Tanzania. Also, the project will provide service to about 30884 people. The project aims to supply clean and safe water to the community in order to reduce lack of sufficient water, eruption of diseases caused by unsafe water currently used. 3.4.2 Economic and financial appraisal The community suffers from water and spends a lot of time by fetching water far from their residence instead of working and earning income. When this project will be implemented many of the people will attend their works throughout the day as a result they increase their income and those business men will pay tax to the government. Moreover, they will use the water for irrigation system and hence increase the agricultural production that will make the community to engage in business and increase their financial status as family as well as nation income. 3.4.3 Environmental appraisal There will be some effects on environment if the implementation of the project will be considering the policy for agriculture and livestock because we expect that after implementation of the project people will engage themselves in Agricultural activities as well as livestock keeping that will probably affect the environment. The environment will be improved with improved water supplies. Around each site the trees will be planted for both reduction of degree of evaporation and protection of environment. So the project is not expected to have any negative effect to the environment. 3.5 Project Stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities Are the one who make decisions during the initiation, planning and execution stages of the project. In the context of this project the project stake holders are; Project sponsor Provides agreement for funding the project and executive interventions to overcome organizational barrier. Project manager Responsible for ensuring that the project is delivered on time, on scope and on budget. The community Responsible for using the clean and safe water for domestic purposes as well as agricultural activities and also the community will contribute on the maintenance of shallow wells. Projects office Coordinates the organizations project resource, high level reporting, project management coaching and facilitation services. 3.6 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is intended to benefit the community and will focus on the overall objective of making sure water supply is sustained even after exit of World Vision. Mobilizing and sensitizing the community to form water user groups who will be responsible for the day-to-day management of the project will achieve this objective. Women will be highly encouraged to participate in the project planning, implementation and management. The shallow wells will be located in the sites, which will be shown by the water survey team. We expect that at least each between two Sub villages will have one shallow well. The communities will form water user group at each shallow wells site. The water user group will include both women and men. The WUG-will be responsible for the implementation of the project plus the on going management and maintenance of the wells. To this end a water user fee has been agreed to for the on going maintenance since the region is extremely poor the user fee will not be high. The Village Health Workers will be trained in operation and maintenance of the pump and water hygiene. 3.7 GENDER ANALYSIS. Successful water project has special significance for women. The women and children will benefit more directly as some of the women and children currently have to walk to about 10 km for fetching a maximum of 20 liters bucket of water each. With the reduction of walking distance the workload will also be reduced. The women group will be encouraged to establish vegetable gardening around the wells. Vegetable production and the proper usage of the same will improve nutritional health of women and children and will increase current investment in education and economic interpose. The water user group to be established will have at least 50% women among their members. This will increase their participation in decision making in the matters relating to water issues. 3.8 PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS The project team will be adhered committed to the project work. The upper management and stakeholder support and commit to the project efforts. The project will be delivered according to the project plan. The project plan will be utilized effectively. 5.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4.1 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Following the intensive dialogue with the community, the ADP committee will be responsible to over see the project implementation under the facilitation of the ADP coordinator. The WUG to be established in each of the construction sites will be responsible for the day-to-day activities. However, the Zonal manager will be the over all in charge of the project that will ensure that financial contracts, agreements and payments are done properly. At National level the project will receive a similar facilitation like WVT project programs. WV Australia as project contractor to the Australian Government will provide project management support to WVT and will be responsible for the following; reviewing quarterly reports and financial acquittals, where possible perform monitoring visits to the project for sharing of various issues regarding project improvement and participation in project evaluation. 4.2 PROJECT MONITORING AND EVALUATION Monitoring activities will be continuous concurrent and integral featuring in all project components. Monitoring and Evaluation will be done in a participatory way. Monitoring indicators provided in the log frame used for the purpose and they can be reviewed, as it may be necessary. As part of monitoring the project will prepare monthly, quarterly and annual progress reports both narrative and financial. However, the frequency of reporting to the donor will depend on the requirements. WVT auditors will audit the project annual. The donor can conduct independent audit, as it may deem necessary upon consultation with the WVT National Directors. 6.0 RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT Purpose: To identify Risk, analyse the effect of uncertainties and plan for control. 5.1 Risk Identification: During this process the sources of risk, potential risk events, and symptoms of risk are identified. Risk is uncertain event which should it occur, it will have an effect on the project meeting it objectives. In this project, risk is identified by undertaking initial risk assessment as part of starting up the project by having the following questions; What could possibly happen to affect the project? What is the likelihood of this happening? Therefore the project manager has to get the team together to review the sources of risk for the project and brainstorm the specific risks. 5.2 Risk identification techniques The project will use the following techniques in identifying risks Checklist project managers must find ways to identify project risks rapidly so that project schedules become increasingly shorter. Flowcharts Helps the project team members to have a great understanding on the causes and effects of risks. Interviewing This is done by interviews with various stakeholders may help identify risk not identified during normal planning activities. Risk triggers The risk trigger is the event that would need to happen in order for the potential outcome to occur. Risk triggers are usually expressed with some sort of dependency, or qualifier. For example, a risk trigger might be that a resource on the project leaves. This might easily be accounted for by utilizing other resources. But if a resource with key skills or knowledge leaves, then the project may be significantly impacted. This approach is suggested in order to clarify the thought process of identifying risks. When the risk trigger occurs, the risk is no longer a risk, but has materialized into a problem/issue that needs resolution. 5.3 Risk analysis In this project risk will be analyzed by defining and analyzing the threat to individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by potential natural and human-caused adverse events. A risk analysis report can be either quantitative or qualitative. In quantitative risk analysis an attempt is made to numerically determine the probabilities of various adverse events and the likely extent of the losses if a particular event takes place. Qualitative risk analysis which is used more often, does not involve numerical probabilities or predictions of loss. Instead, the qualitative method involves defining the various threats, determining the extent of vulnerabilities and devising countermeasures should an attack occur. Risk need to be quantified in two dimensions. The impact of the risk needs to be assessed. The probability of the risk occurring needs to be assessed. For simplicity, rate each on a 1 to 4 scale. The larger the number, the larger the impact or probability. By using a matrix, a priority can be established. According to Juden, S (2010) below is the diagram that shows the risk probability/impact chart The corners of the chart have these characteristics: Low impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom left corner are low level, and you can often ignore them. Low impact/High probability Risks in the top left corner are of moderate importance if these things happen, you can cope with them and move on. However, you should try to reduce the likelihood that theyll occur. High impact/Low probability Risks in the bottom right corner are of high importance if they do occur, but theyre very unlikely to happen. For these, however, you should do what you can to reduce the impact theyll have if they do occur, and you should have contingency plans in place just in case they do. High impact/High probability Risks towards the top right corner are of critical importance. These are your top priorities, and are risks that you must pay close attention to. 5.4 Risk documentation and reporting Risk status: Project enables you to adjust the status of a risk. The risk status shows what has happened to a risk. This could be due to the tasks of the project team, but also changes in the risk conditions. Monitoring the status of risks helps you to assess what you should do with regard to individual risk and the project. Risk register This document is a means of recording the identified risks, their severity, and the actions steps to be taken. The risk logic can be a simple document, spreadsheet, or a database system. The most effective format for this document is a table, because it will allow a great deal of information to be conveyed in a few pages. If the information is presented in a paragraph form, you run the risk of people not reading it, although all of the relevant information is there. 5.5 Risk assumptions and control measures Lack of enough skilled and self committed people to participate in the project this may result the project not to be completed on time.. Delay of fund from donors may result on the project not to be accomplished at the specified time. There are four stages of risk management plan Stages Risk identification Risk quantification Risk response Risk monitoring and control Objective in project The project team has to identify and name the risks that are found in the project. The project manager needs to understand the probability/impact of the risk occurring that needs to be assessed. The actions should include what needs to be done, who is doing it, and when it should be completed It is best to hold regular risk reviews to identify actions outstanding, risk probability and impact, remove risks that have passed, and identify new risks. 5.6 Conclusion of risk analysis and management As far as the risk management and analysis is concerned, The project manager have to ensure that there is a proper risk management plan for a project so as to meet its expected objectives and goals because without a plan, the success of the project, and reputation as a Project Manager, are on the line and following the above steps there will be increase in chances of project success success. EFFECTIVE RISK MANAGEMENT 7.0 PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY The project focus on cost sharing, skills, training capacity building and participatory management will ensure its sustainability. Both District and Regional Government are supportive to this proposal. The project will link in the district budget planning whereby government contributions for project support will be identified and incorporated into the District budget and annual plan. A technician from District council water department will be a focal personal in carrying out of this project from its inception to the end to ensure that after the phase out of the project the sustainability of a project is clear. ANNEXES: 1.0 PROJECT BUDGET PROJECT BUDGET THE CURRENCY IS IN USD S/N PARTICULARS YEARS 1 2 3 4 5 1 INCOME Amount is in USD Government 150000 Distribution in each year WV Australia 175000 Total Income 100000 75000 50000 50000 50000 EXPENDITURE 2 Administration cost Technician 150 Training 2500 1000 1000 2000 1000 Facilitate Training 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 Meetings 1500 1000 1500 1000 1000 Project accountant 2000 2000 2000 2400 2500 procurement officers salary 700 1200 1500 2000 2800 Salary project facilitator 2400 2600 2900 3000 5000 Total expenditure 10705 9300 9900 11900 13800 3 CONSTRUCTION COST hydro geological survey 7000 support the construction 36002 67520 18010 cost for shallow well Cement 1000 wire mesh 6 Aggregated stone 30 sand I trip 15 Tania pump 1500 cost for tube wells drilling 9000 purchasing a pump 1500 Total construction cost 56053 67520 18010 Total Overall cost 66,758 76,820 27910 11900 13800 PROJECT WORKPLAN/SCHEDULE Activity Year 1 Cost Year 2 Cost Year 3 Cost Year 4 Cost Year 5 Cost Total Cost In USD Hydrological surveys to locate potential sites. X 500 500 Constructions of shallow wells/tube wells X 700 700 Training WUGs on water sanitation and hygiene X 300 300 Conduct community sensitization on resources X 550 550 Train pump attendants on minor repair/maintenance X 225 225 Implementation X 120 120 Evaluation monitoring X 450 450 Total cost 2845 1.2 PROJECT LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OBJECTIVE INDICATOR TARGET BASELINE DATA SOURCE TIMING RESP. PERSON ASSUMPTION Goal To contribute towards improved life standard of the community Incidence of (cholera, diarrhea, typhoid) water borne diseases decreased 20% 45% Project records, Dispensary records Quarterly CO, Project Coordinator, Facilitator Adequate rainfall PURPOSE Safe and adequate water accessed by the community % of household within 400m from water source 30% 0.3% Project records Quarterly Project Coordinator, facilitator OUTPUT 1 Improved water source Number of deep/tube wells constructed Number of shallow well constructed 3 50 0 0 Project records Quarterly District Water Engineer, PC, Facilitator Activities Facilitate hydro geological surveys to locate potential site 1.2Facilitate the construction of shallow wells/ tube wells Number of surveys Conducted Number of identified potential sites Number of shallow well, tube wells constructed 2 53 53 0 0 DWE DWE Community reports Annual Quarterly PC/Facilitator Project coordinator, project facili

Bruce Lee :: essays research papers

Bruce Lee is one of the most well known martial artists in the world. Robert Clouse remembers his first meeting with Bruce Lee very vividly. Robert recalls that: â€Å"The first time he meet you, you’d expect him to shake hands but instead he’d step back and flick out his foot so fast you could feel the air move right at the tip of your nose. Then he’d take your hand and place it on his stomach. It was kind of his calling card.† Bruce Lee is known around the world as being one of the best marital artists ever. Throughout his entire career in martial arts, he only lost one fight. That fight occurred at the early age of only thirteen when he was attacked by a gang, and because of this he started training in the martial arts. At an early age, Bruce Lee was already in show business. He appeared in his first movie at the age of three months old. He then appeared in three movies at the age of six and later in childhood appeared in a few other films. However, his movie career did not end there. Later as an adult he stared in well known movies such as: Fists of Fury, The Chinese Connection, Return of the Dragon, and Enter the Dragon. Not only was he in the movies, but he also wrote and directed some of them. He also appeared on television many times. His biggest appearance on television was when he co-starred in the series called The Green Hornet. Now the thing about Bruce Lee is that he wasn’t just some stuntman/actor, he really knew martial arts and knew them almost to perfection. He started out training in Wing Chun Kung-Fu. Later on he started the first Jun Fan Kung-Fu institute in Seattle, a second one in Oakland, and the third one in Los Angeles. He also has trained some very well known fighters such Chuck Norris and Kareem Abdul Jabar. Not only did he train in Kung-Fu, but he also developed his own style of martial arts called Jeet Kune Do, which means â€Å"The art of the intercepting fist.† This style included techniques from all styles of fighting, such as: American Boxing, Thai Kick Boxing, and Japanese Karate. He wrote a couple books on his training and techniques in Kung-Fu and Jeet Kune Do. His most well known and mind blowing move is called the â€Å"One-Inch Punch,† this is where he would hold his arm straight out just an inch away from your body, and with a shrug of his shoulder, could knock a man straight across the ground.

Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth and its Unbelievable Lady      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth which character is more imaginatively created than that of Lady Macbeth? Can a lady actually think in this manner without being called insane. We examine the various dimensions of her character in this paper.    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye shows that Lady Macbeth is the driving force behind her husband, who resolves to "get with it" in the future:    That Macbeth is being hurried into a premature act by his wife is a point unlikely to escape the most listless member of the audience, but Macbeth comes to regret the instant of fatal delay in murdering Macduff, and draws the moral that    The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand.    That is, in future he will try to attain the successful ruler's spontaneous rhythm of action. (91)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson describes the role of Lady Macbeth:    It requires an extraordinary exertion of will and persuasion from Lady Macbeth to strengthen his wavering purpose. Professor Kittredge used to point out to his classes that Lady Macbeth, in urging Macbeth to act, uses the three arguments that every wife, some time or other, uses to every husband: "You promised me you'd do it!" "You'd do it if you loved me!" "If I were a man, I'd do it myself!" But Macbeth's mind is made up by her assurance that they may do it safely by fixing the guilt upon Duncan's chamberlains. (72)    In "Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action" Francis Fergusson specifies the fears within Lady Macbeth:      I do not need to remind you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and his Lady pull themselves together for their desperate effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins here as a competition and a stunt, against reason and against nature. Lady Macbeth fears her husband's human nature, as well as her own female nature, and therefore she fears the light of reason and the common dayllight world. As for Macbeth, he knows from the first that he is engaged in an irrational stunt: "I have no spur / To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which o'erleaps itself / And falls on the other.

Process Design Matrix and Summary Essay

The purpose of this executive summary is to outline the design approaches between a product (car) and a service (spa). Information will be provided on the design processes associated with a product, including assembly line, continuous flow, batch production and job shop, as well as the design processes associated with a service, such as the personal attention approach, the self-service approach and the product line approach. When it comes to identifying appropriate design approaches for a product, the options include: 1. Assembly line: Work processes begin with step 1 and continue step by step until the end product is achieved. This is the most appropriate design approach for a car. â€Å"The path for each part is, in effect, a straight line. Products are made by moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence needed to build the product,† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011, p. 197). In the case of a car, the assembly line would include one step to place the engine in place, another step to secure the hood and a third step to place the wheels in the wheel wells. 2. Continuous flow: This approach is completed solely by machine. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), â€Å"Continuous flow is usually highly automated and, in effect, constitutes one integrated â€Å"machine† that may operate 24 hours a day to avoid expensive shutdowns and start-ups,† (p. 197). This would not be ideal for a car as the process of creating an automobile needs to be monitored constantly. 3. Batch production: Machines are pre-programmed to make batches of one specific item. This design approach would produce 12 doors, 12 wheels and 12 windshields but would not  incorporate the mechanics associated with the individuals who are required to piece these parts together to physically build the car, (â€Å"Business Studies: Production Methods†, 2014). 4. Job shop: Used to make small batches of parts of a product, for example, when building a car engine, there are different pieces involved to keep the various parts in place, such as nuts and bolts. The job shop design approach is used to produce these nuts and bolts but would not be a suitable design approach for building an entire automobile. With regards to identifying the appropriate design approaches for a service, the options include: 1. Personal attention approach: Focuses on developing a solid relationship between the provider of the service and the customer. This approach ensures superior customer service and will thus assist in building a loyal customer base. The personal attention design approach would be the most appropriate for a spa in that the technicians will focus on the individual needs of each customer and ensure no customer is left unsatisfied at the end of their service, thereby building a lasting relationship with the customers and guaranteeing future business. 2. Self-service approach: This approach allows the customers to play a greater role in their service. The role of the customer transforms from that of a customer to that of a partial employee by involving consumers in the service process. This would not be ideal for a spa as the entire purpose of this service is to create a relaxing environment, one in which the customer plays no role in the service other than to enjoy it. 3. Product line approach: Treats the service as if it were a product by focusing on the end result as opposed to the service itself. According to Jacobs & Chase (2011), â€Å"the orientation is toward the efficient production of results not on the attendance on others.† This would not be an ideal approach for a spa to take as the focus of spa-services are on the quality of the service being delivered to the customer, not on the end result of a beautiful manicure (for example). After all options have been weighed, the assembly line design  approach would be the most appropriate for manufacturing a product such as a car as it is the most efficient and effective from start to finish while using the personal attention approach would be the ideal design approach for a service such as a spa by helping it build a loyal customer base for its business. Process Design Aspect Service Product Design focal point Strategy Superior treatment of customers Process design approach Personal attention approach Assembly line approach Process map Service blueprint Process Performance Measurement Number of automobiles produced per month, total number of defects per million, number of job related injuries Factory location Close to customer, preferably in a high socioeconomic area Close to the supplier, transportation or source of labor Facilty layout Process design Scheduling Producting planning Workforce Quality Capacity Capacity should be set to match peak demand; higher capacity on weekends Inventory References Business Studies: Production Methods. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/production/methodsofproductionrev2.shtml Jacobs, F.R., & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Sowell, T. J. (2006). Strategic Manufacturing Management. USA: Xlibris Corporation.